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The motivation of this talk is to investigate what quantum resources will bring about in our daily life. A kind of quantization for general bipartite games is first given and then applied to both the modified classical “cash in a hat” game and modified Prisoners Dilemma game with different distribution policies. It is shown that quantum entanglement can bring full cooperation with the help of fair...
We study a setup in which a system operator hires a sensor to exert costly effort to collect accurate measurements of a value of interest over time. At each time, the sensor is asked to report his observation to the operator, and is compensated based on the accuracy of this observation. Since both the effort and observation are private information for the sensor, a naive payment scheme which compensates...
Functional safety of a system is the part of its overall safety that depends on the system operating correctly in response to its inputs. Safety is defined as the absence of unacceptable/unreasonable risk by functional safety standards, which enforce safety requirements in each phase of the development process of safety-critical software and hardware systems. Acceptability of risks is judged within...
The emerging sharing economy is fueled by products that some consumers buy new. This paper introduces an overlapping-generations model to analyze consumers' consumption choices and the equilibrium in the sharing market. We derive a retailer's optimal pricing strategy and determine the payoff effects of sharing. The presence of a sharing market increases the price of new products, and therefore a retailer...
Companies often update their privacy policies, but it is unclear whether these updates strengthen or weaken user privacy. Using a principal-agent theoretical lens, we analyze over 200 changes to privacy policies of five prominent Internet companies over a period of fifteen years. We find that over time, privacy policy updates are more likely to weaken, rather than strengthen, user privacy on the Internet...
This paper looks at the interaction in the process of higher education quality evaluation between the national education authorities, higher education institutions, and evaluators. On the basis of a game model it has established, the paper comes to the conclusion that strategic choices of the higher education institution and the evaluator have a direct effect on each other's payoff and on evaluation...
Beginning with information asymmetry between a development agency and its internal quality supervision department in the course of quality supervision over a rural development project, this paper analyzes the principal -- agent relationship between the development agency and its quality supervisors, as well as moral hazards which may arise from this relationship, and establishes a game model regarding...
Implementing management support information systems with the use of outsourcing is the prevalent method of completing this type of project in Poland. Agency theory is one of the significant categories of theories used in the analysis of IT outsourcing. Literature studies indicate a research gap concerning the phenomenon of moral hazard in IT projects consisting in the implementation of management...
With equity-based crowdfunding, an entrepreneur raises financing from a large number of individuals, instead of soliciting a small group of investors. This paper compares two forms of financing: the equity-based crowdfunding and the traditional loan form. We conclude that the equity-based crowdfunding can raises larger number of money for entrepreneurs than the traditional loan form owing to the entrepreneurs'...
For the phenomena that classic principal-agent model can not reflect win-win cooperation and is less concerned about agent's opportunistic decision behavior, this paper introduces principal's value preference parameter reflecting win-win cooperation to incentive model and considers agent's opportunism, establishes Service Supply Chain (SSC) dynamic incentive model, and analyzes model equilibriums...
In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), spectrum trading is an efficient way for secondary users (SUs) to achieve dynamic spectrum access and to bring economic benefits for the primary users (PUs). Unlike the one shot trading designs in previous studies, in this paper, we introduce a financing contract that allows the SU to pay only part of the total amount when the contract is signed, known as the down...
Based on Complete and Incomplete Contract Theory, the paper analyzes the root causes of different kinds of problems during the process of budget compilation and implementation of university research funds. These problems include false budget, fiddling on expenditure, and hard to monitor and control. Based on these analyses, the paper also provides corresponding strategy. The analysis in the paper...
In order to reveal the connection of equity distribution with retreat system on the part of project investment from the venture capitalists and to further reveal what other factors have been influencing the benefits from the project investment, a double moral hazard model has been designed in the paper concerning venture capitalists and the starting entrepreneurs based on various retreat systems....
Debt restructuring of listed companies is easy to cause risk of moral hazard and adverse selection. We choose all non-financial of A-share stocks which actually restructured debt in 2007–2009 as our samples. Through empirical research on financial situation before and after the restructuring and the motivations, we find that debt restructuring will improve corporate governance performance in the short...
Sensing falsification is a key security problem in cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks. Most previous approaches assume that malicious users only cheat in their sensing reports following a predefined rule. However, some malicious users usually act intelligently to strategically adjust their malicious behavior according to their objectives and the network's defense schemes. The...
This paper considers intermediation in a differentiated short-term housing market where heterogeneous agents may stay at a hotel or at one of several private hosts' properties, below or above hotel quality. The collaborative-housing market fails when agents' hidden actions are noncontractable. If expected liability is not excessive, a trusted intermediary can induce agents to exert first-best effort...
In order to solve moral hazard caused by induced consumption of care provider in the long-term care insurance market, a "risk-sharing, benefit-sharing" incentive mechanism is suggested by referring to foreign medical insurance management pattern in paper. However, that need to establish an appropriate form which can secures mutual profit sharing. The paper uses cooperative game model in...
This paper firstly presents analysis of outsourcers' critical behaviors of moral hazards in the principal-agent contract of Stage I, and then analysis of outsourcers' behaviorization of moral hazards in long-term cooperation. Finally, corresponding measures to inhibit outsourcers' behaviorization of moral hazards as for potentiality of outsourcers' behaviorization of moral hazards are provided.
Service contract matchmaking represents a promising path towards the definition of accurate service selection mechanisms. Basically, it consists in evaluating the degree of match between preferences explicitly defined by a service customer and the contractual terms offered by service providers. However, service contract matchmaking assumes that a service customer is always aware of the contractual...
This paper explores the problem of principal's optimal decision on employment contract design, from the principal's perspective of maximizing the expected welfare in an uncertain environment with one principal and two agents, where both the two agents have properties of fairness preference. By describing the agents' effort as random variables, and devising the contract as a vector with two dimensions:...
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