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Stricter emission standards are forcing automakers to couple the catalytic converters closer to the engine exhaust. Mounting the catalytic converter (DOC) at or near the exhaust manifold helps to reduce the increase in emission after a cold engine is started. The spike occurs because cold engines require a richer air-fuel mixture to run smoothly. The emission standards can be met only by appropriate...
Continuous use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Raw and spent vegetable oils have attracted attention as a potential renewable resource for...
Lipase catalyzed of biodiesel is expensive which restricted industrial enzymatic biodiesel production. In this paper, the industrial lipase made in China was used as catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The way of methanol feeding, the amount of lipase, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the organic...
Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) were prepared by heating a medium coal tar pitch at 420degC for 2 hours, with the P-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) and the phenyl silicone oil as the catalyst and the reaction medium respectively. After the oxidative stabilization of MCMB, the oxygen content and the number of functional groups are increased, while the micro-crystal structures become worse. However, after...
The ozonizing-biological aerated filter (BAF) process was used to treat the port chemical cabin washing wastewater . According to the characteristics of port chemical cabin washing wastewater with high CODcr, variable quality and complicated composition, the initial pH, the dosage of ozone and catalyzer, the bio-degrade ability of the wastewater, and effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of...
Photocatalytic oxidative kinetics of thiophene in n-octane/water extraction system was studied with nano-TiO2 powders as photocatalyst and O2 in air as oxidant. Influence of initial concentration of thiophene and addition of TiO2 on reaction rate constant and half time were investigated. Kinetics equation was founded. The results showed that the approviate addition of TiO2 was 0.1 g in 100 mL reaction...
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