The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
In der Umgebung von Baku (Aserbaidschan) fanden die ersten industriellen Erdölbohrungen der Menschheitsgeschichte statt. Bis zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhundert produzierte die Balachany‐Sabunchu‐Ramany Region mehr als 60 % des bakinischen Öls. Diese Erdölquellen sind weitgehend ausgebeutet und beinhalten nun Erdölfraktionen, die schwer zu fördern sind. Experimente mit Erdölproben aus diesen Quellen zeigen,...
This research reviews the effects of the single component, the mixed oxides and the mesoporous materials on catalyst. Titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide as single component support show higher activity than alumina in hydrodesulfurization, but their specific surface area need be increased further. Compared with the single component, the mixed oxides with higher specific surface area and strength...
Oxidative desulfurization of real diesel was carried out at mild conditions( atmospheric pressure) in presence of phosphotungstic acid/semi-coke catalysts. The effects of two phase volume ratio, reaction temperature, on the efficiency of desulfurization were investigated. meanwhile, treatment of model solution of cyclohexane containing BT, DBT and 46-DMDBT with our ODS system at 80°C in 1h.
Stricter emission standards are forcing automakers to couple the catalytic converters closer to the engine exhaust. Mounting the catalytic converter (DOC) at or near the exhaust manifold helps to reduce the increase in emission after a cold engine is started. The spike occurs because cold engines require a richer air-fuel mixture to run smoothly. The emission standards can be met only by appropriate...
Continuous use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Raw and spent vegetable oils have attracted attention as a potential renewable resource for...
Transesterification of canola oil with methanol was investigated under a heterogeneous catalysts system. Various γ-Al2O3-, hydrotalcite-, SiO2-supported Na, Ca oxides prepared via an impregnation method were applied as solid catalyst. The influence of supports (γ-Al2O3, hydrotalcite, SiO2) structure on the activity and adsorption behavior of Na, Ca-based catalysts for transesterification was comparatively...
Candle nut (Aleurites moluccana) is very popular in Indonesia, mostly it is used in cooking. The candlenut oil contains 15% oleic acid, 40% linoleic acid, and less than 30 % linolenic acid, it contains high unsaturated fatty acids, which is a prospective raw material for epoxidation. To obtain value-added products from locally available renewable natural resources, epoxidation of candle nut oil was...
Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints and coatings industry, inks production and as industrial solvent in many other branches of industry. Esterification of acetic acid with ethanol may be performed to synthesize ethyl acetate. In this paper, a reactive distillation (RD) column with packing cation exchange resins as a catalyst is applied. Mathematical models of reactive distillation...
Three inorganic compounds, K2CO3, K2SO4, KCl have been investigated with regard to their catalytic effects on pyrolysis of tannery sludge by thermal analysis experiments. The influence of catalyst categories and dosage on sludge pyrolysis were studied by the comparison and analysis of the TG ( thermogravimetry ) and DTG(derivative thermogravimetry) curves derived from tests of differential thermal...
The insulated oil is used in electricity as a medium for cooling and dielectric in transformers, for cooling and extinguishing the arc in switches, etc. Operating conditions of electrical equipment affect properties of insulated oil causing their aging. Some aspects of electromagnetic field influence on the oxidation of insulating oil are listed below.
Lipase catalyzed of biodiesel is expensive which restricted industrial enzymatic biodiesel production. In this paper, the industrial lipase made in China was used as catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The way of methanol feeding, the amount of lipase, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the organic...
The jatropha curcas methyl ester can be produced through a transesterification reaction by using an alkaline catalyst with an alcohol as the excess reactant. The reaction was carried out in a batch mixed reactor under various operating condition. The kinetics study on the transesterification of jatropha curcas-based triglycerides with methanol was carried out under various temperatures (323, 328,...
Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil, animal fat, or waste vegetable oil (WVO), is obtained in this work by reacting waste vegetable soybean oil using oil shale ash as a heterogeneous catalyst in addition to two alcohols ethylene glycol and ethanol. Results have indicated that high biodiesel yield is obtained when using ethylene glycol at high temperature, while the yield...
Nowadays e-nose is attracting the attention of many researchers due to its wide spread applications. The most important application falls in the category where human beings cannot afford to risk smelling toxic gases. Other important applications are continuous monitoring of pollutant and explosive gases, in oil and natural gas exploration, possible predictions of volcanic eruptions, medical applications,...
High consumption of chicken in Indonesia leads to a considerable amount of chicken skin as a waste. The utilization of this chicken skins as possible biodiesel feedstock was therefore investigated. The transestrification between this chicken fats and methanol was conducted using calcium oxide as solid catalyst. The variables affecting the yield of biodiesel during transesterification, such molar ratio...
The catalytic steam gasification of palm oil wastes for hydrogen-rich gas production was experimentally investigated in a combined fixed bed reactor using the newly developed nano-NiO/??-Al2O3 catalyst. The results indicated that the nano-NiO/??-Al2O3 catalyst had greater activity for the cracking of tar in vapor and of hydrocarbons and a higher hydrogen yield than the calcined dolomite in catalytic...
Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) were prepared by heating a medium coal tar pitch at 420degC for 2 hours, with the P-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) and the phenyl silicone oil as the catalyst and the reaction medium respectively. After the oxidative stabilization of MCMB, the oxygen content and the number of functional groups are increased, while the micro-crystal structures become worse. However, after...
The ozonizing-biological aerated filter (BAF) process was used to treat the port chemical cabin washing wastewater . According to the characteristics of port chemical cabin washing wastewater with high CODcr, variable quality and complicated composition, the initial pH, the dosage of ozone and catalyzer, the bio-degrade ability of the wastewater, and effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of...
This paper reports on a new borosilicate microreactor, utilizing a high-efficiency Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst for the production of synthetic diesel samples. The microreactor has a novel on chip heater in a gas mixing region, and several independent channels where nanocatalysts of differing structures can be deposited for parallel testing. One new nanostructured catalyst is fabricated under...
A simple distributed parameter model is proposed for a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). This model focuses on the propagation of the inlet temperature variations. The inlet-to-outlet temperature transfer function is computed. Its inversion allows to derive an open-loop control law corresponding to finite-time transitions of the outlet temperature. However, this straightforward strategy has some shortcomings...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.