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In this paper we study the characterization of beef tallow; the production of biodiesel and biodiesel blends diesel. Beef tallow is characterized in terms of calorific value, moisture content, impurities, density, cloud point, pH and acid value. In the production of biodiesel is working the variables reaction temperature, reaction time and molar ratio alcohol, fat, being obtained as an optimum reaction...
Solid alkali catalyst was prepared with CH3COONa immobilized on alumina by impregnation method. Represented with SEM, IR and BET techniques, the catalysts indicated relatively uniform particle size distribution with perfect particle surface area, pore volume and pore size. Soybean oil was catalyzed to investigate the catalysis characteristics. The results showed that the maximum conversion rate of...
The world is entering a period of declining non-renewable energy resources popularly known as “Peak Oil”. Climate change is therefore more than a problem with a feasible solution based either in science or markets on which we are likely to reach rapid consensus. Since the mid-20th century it has projected continuation. Earth is already showing many signs of worldwide climate change. One of the greatest...
Transesterification of canola oil with methanol was investigated under a heterogeneous catalysts system. Various γ-Al2O3-, hydrotalcite-, SiO2-supported Na, Ca oxides prepared via an impregnation method were applied as solid catalyst. The influence of supports (γ-Al2O3, hydrotalcite, SiO2) structure on the activity and adsorption behavior of Na, Ca-based catalysts for transesterification was comparatively...
The transesterification of Jatropha oil and methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by Novozym 435 (N435) was explored. The organic solvent and the factors of influenced reaction were optimized.The optimum reaction conditions were 6% of N435 based on the Jatropha oil weight, the molar ratio of n-hexane to Jatropha oil was 19, 10% of organic trihydroxymethyl aminomethane base on the Jatropha oil weight,...
The activity behavior of Novozym 435 treated with organic solvents was investigated, and the influence of several crucial parameters, including Novozym 435 dosage, oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction time and type of monohydric alcohol, on biodiesel yield was also addressed using tert-butanol as co-solvent. The results showed that the functional group as well as log P of organic solvents was an...
8 strains producing lipase were isolated from soil with rich oil. Among them strain BD3 producing lipase was more powerful. Strain BD3 was identified as Pseudomonas sp according to its morphology, physiological, biochemical properties. We utilized PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) and Boric Acid as the vector of immobilized cells of Strain BD3, and have studied transesterification at the same time. We found...
Lipase catalyzed of biodiesel is expensive which restricted industrial enzymatic biodiesel production. In this paper, the industrial lipase made in China was used as catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The way of methanol feeding, the amount of lipase, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the organic...
The jatropha curcas methyl ester can be produced through a transesterification reaction by using an alkaline catalyst with an alcohol as the excess reactant. The reaction was carried out in a batch mixed reactor under various operating condition. The kinetics study on the transesterification of jatropha curcas-based triglycerides with methanol was carried out under various temperatures (323, 328,...
This article addresses the feasibility of commercial biodiesel production in Jordan as an alternative fuel source. The study suggests that the most effective method of producing biodiesel in a country like Jordan could be based on large-scale microalgae cultivation. Since many strains of microalgae exist, it would first be necessary to identify the species most appropriate for growth in the Jordanian...
Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from vegetable oil, animal fat, or waste vegetable oil (WVO), is obtained in this work by reacting waste vegetable soybean oil using oil shale ash as a heterogeneous catalyst in addition to two alcohols ethylene glycol and ethanol. Results have indicated that high biodiesel yield is obtained when using ethylene glycol at high temperature, while the yield...
High consumption of chicken in Indonesia leads to a considerable amount of chicken skin as a waste. The utilization of this chicken skins as possible biodiesel feedstock was therefore investigated. The transestrification between this chicken fats and methanol was conducted using calcium oxide as solid catalyst. The variables affecting the yield of biodiesel during transesterification, such molar ratio...
In biodiesel industry there is a need to detect interfacing layer between biodiesel and glycerine after the transesterification and interfacing layer between water and biodiesel after the washing process. The detection of these two interfaces is important for separation process. In this work, a simple, low cost, and accurate microwave reflection type system for production of coconut biodiesel has...
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol usually in presence of an alkaline catalyst. The purpose of this work is to compare the performance of heterogeneous (CaO, MgO, Ba(OH)2, Li/CaO, Zeolite) and homogeneous (KOH) catalyst for the transesterification of vegetable oil. The effect of stirring speed and addition of ethanol with methanol on...
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