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In this paper we study the characterization of beef tallow; the production of biodiesel and biodiesel blends diesel. Beef tallow is characterized in terms of calorific value, moisture content, impurities, density, cloud point, pH and acid value. In the production of biodiesel is working the variables reaction temperature, reaction time and molar ratio alcohol, fat, being obtained as an optimum reaction...
Solid alkali catalyst was prepared with CH3COONa immobilized on alumina by impregnation method. Represented with SEM, IR and BET techniques, the catalysts indicated relatively uniform particle size distribution with perfect particle surface area, pore volume and pore size. Soybean oil was catalyzed to investigate the catalysis characteristics. The results showed that the maximum conversion rate of...
In this paper, a novel biodiesel named rapeseed oil monoester of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether has been developed, which has one more ester group than traditional biodiesel. It was synthesized and structurally identified through FT-IR, 1H NMR analyses. Engine test results show that when atested diesel engine is fueled with this biodiesel in place of 0#diesel fuel, engine-out smoke emissions can...
The release of ammonia from the industry of rare earth leads to harmful cyan bacterial bloom and consumption of non-renewable oil resources cause the energy crisis. Using an isolated strain of Chlorella sp. USTB-01, which can grow both autotrophically and heterotrophically, to remove ammonia nitrogen from the rare-earth wastewater and to produce biodiesel were investigated. The results showed that...
Particulate emissions of engine fuelled different proportions of Pistacia chinensis Bunge seed biodiesel-diesel blends were collected under different fuel supplying advance dangles and different operating conditions. The change of volatile organic fractions in particulate emissions was analyzed using Thermo-gravimetric analytical instrument when increasing temperature. The results showed that under...
The study mainly deals with the causes of air pollution in Gulbarga related to buses. Particularly it focuses on the suggestion to curb the vehicular pollution by the use of biodiesel. The pollution loads have been calculated and compared by considering usage of the biodiesel in place of conventional diesel fuel in buses. For the purpose of this study, the three depots of the NE-Karnataka Road Transport...
Biodiesel is renewable and environmental friendly alternative diesel fuel for diesel engine. It can be produced from food grade vegetable oils, inedible oil, animal fats and waste or used vegetable oils, by transesterification process. Transesterification is a chemical reaction in which vegetable oils and animal fats are reacted with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The products of reaction...
The world's energy consumption is estimated to be 3.36 × 1020 J per annum and is projected to increase to up to 6.3 × 1020 J in the year 2050. Due to the concern on environmental problems caused by the use of those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an alternative to petrodiesel. Biodiesel is advised for use as an alternative fuel for conventional petroleum-based...
In this study, we produce biodiesel from jatropha oil through enzymatic synthesis in a re circulated packed bed reactor (PBR). A solvent free system by three stepwise addition of one equivalent molar methanol in each step was chosen for this study. The enzyme was Lipozyme IM, a 1, 3 regiospecific immobilized lipase from Mucor miehei. Initially, we scrutinized the appropriate amount of lipase by varied...
Continuous use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Raw and spent vegetable oils have attracted attention as a potential renewable resource for...
Biodiesel industry needs a cheaper and economical viable raw material that can replace the currently used vegetable oil. Obtaining cheaper raw materials are one of the continuous targets of many biodiesel producing facilities since 70 to 95 % of the production costs are attributed to raw materials. One of the main options is to use waste material from animal and plant sources. In this study, coconut...
Jatropha seed yield prediction is one of the most important factors for developing a supply chain modeling of Jatropha seed. The seeds of Jatropha curcas are generally used for the making of oil. Jatropha happens to be one of the most easily cultivable biofuel crops having a high degree of yield. The extract from its seeds, jatropha oil, is processed to obtain biofuel and biodiesel. The uncultivable...
Transesterification of canola oil with methanol was investigated under a heterogeneous catalysts system. Various γ-Al2O3-, hydrotalcite-, SiO2-supported Na, Ca oxides prepared via an impregnation method were applied as solid catalyst. The influence of supports (γ-Al2O3, hydrotalcite, SiO2) structure on the activity and adsorption behavior of Na, Ca-based catalysts for transesterification was comparatively...
This paper investigates the performance characteristics of rapeseed methyl ester, EN 14214 biodiesel, when used for electrical generation in compression ignition engines. The work was inspired by the need to replace fossil diesel fuel with a sustainable low carbon alternative while maintaining generator performance, power quality and compliance with ISO 8528-5. A 50 kVA Perkins diesel engine generator...
As a substitute for conventional diesel, biodiesel has received considerable attention in many countries. To investigate the emissions of an engine by experiment is time-consuming and costly, so a lot of mathematical models are used to predict the emissions of engines. A back propagation (BP) neural network was used to establish an emission model of the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel The results...
Biodiesel production catalyzed by Novozyme 435 was optimized using Plaekett-Burman design and response surface methodology. Firstly, Plaekett-Burman was employed to screen the main efficient parameters on conversion rate from enzyme dosage, reaction temperature, tert-butanol amount, oil/alcohol molar ratio and molecular sleves added amount. Then, the steepest ascent experiments were carried out to...
The transesterification of Jatropha oil and methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by Novozym 435 (N435) was explored. The organic solvent and the factors of influenced reaction were optimized.The optimum reaction conditions were 6% of N435 based on the Jatropha oil weight, the molar ratio of n-hexane to Jatropha oil was 19, 10% of organic trihydroxymethyl aminomethane base on the Jatropha oil weight,...
The activity behavior of Novozym 435 treated with organic solvents was investigated, and the influence of several crucial parameters, including Novozym 435 dosage, oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction time and type of monohydric alcohol, on biodiesel yield was also addressed using tert-butanol as co-solvent. The results showed that the functional group as well as log P of organic solvents was an...
Over the last decade, the U.S. transportation industry has produced approximately 60% of overall U.S. CO2 emissions according to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). A greener fuel alternative for the transportation system is needed to reduce energy-related emissions and to aid in the overall decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels. The system to be analyzed is defined as the Roadway Transportation...
The transesteriflcation of crude cottonseed oil with methyl acetate to biodiesel catalyzed by combined lipases (Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435) was investigated. The significant variables of transesterification (methanol concentration, combined lipases concentration and reaction temperature) were screened from six variables by PlackettBurman (PB) design and were further optimized via response surface...
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