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In this paper we studied the start-up of an underground digester with a useful volume of 4 m3 in Saharan medium. 320 kg of waste taken from Adrar city slaughterhouses were treated during 60 days. During this study, we followed several parameters evolution such as: pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), the temperature inside the digester, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pressure and the volume of biogas produced...
The performances of three anaerobic filters (AF) with different types of supporting media (soft and hard packing double-media (SHM), hard packing media (HM) , and soft packing media(SM)) were evaluated through their ability to remove organic compounds in winery wastewater and biogas energy recovery. When hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 10 days and volume organic loading rate (OLR) is 9.02kgCOD/m...
In the straw biogas fermentation with high concentration, ratio of nitrogen and amount of seeding material have significant effect. Experiments show that gas production is very high in early time when the urea addition level is 2.5% or 3.0%, but the methane content of gas is less than 45%. when the urea proportion is 3.5%, the gas production curve is gently, the fermentation starting time is short...
In this paper, a novel biodiesel named rapeseed oil monoester of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether has been developed, which has one more ester group than traditional biodiesel. It was synthesized and structurally identified through FT-IR, 1H NMR analyses. Engine test results show that when atested diesel engine is fueled with this biodiesel in place of 0#diesel fuel, engine-out smoke emissions can...
Urbanization all over the world has created serious problems of solid waste disposal. Increased population causes increased food consumption which directly leads to increase in the solid waste resulting from the processing of food and post consumption. The waste food from various sources such as houses, public places etc, include various costs in transporting plus they add up a disastrous green house...
In this paper, in order to discuss the influence on the greenhouse gas CO2 produced by cellulose ethyl alcohol in atmosphere, the Tianjin energy consumption condition reported by Tianjin Statistics bureau is the data foundation, and through the research on CO2 produced by the gasoline and by the cellulose ethyl alcohol, through the mathematical model calculation we draw the following conclusion: Biological...
In order to solve the pollution caused by food waste, research was carried out to test the feasibility of biodiesel and ethanol production from food waste. With separation process, waste oil and rudimental solid component of food waste were obtained. Chemical synthesis was utilized for biodiesel production with oil and fermentation was chosen for ethanol production from solid parts. The result demonstrated...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater is a very refractory case of high strength organic wastewater. To investigate the effect of operating variables on treatment of MSG wastewater, a laboratory scale study was conducted. The treatment of MSG wastewater was studied in a continuous flow anaerobic fluidized blanket (UASB) reactor. The effect of operating variables such as organic volumetric load rate...
We apply systems thinking to the background, complexity and weaknesses of liquid biofuel lifecycle assessments and propose a new way of approaching the problem. The history of corn-based ethanol in North America is illustrative of the problematic interdependencies that can arise when decisions about liquid biofuel are made without comprehensive systems analysis [17]. At the direction of Congress [25],...
With the profoundation of study on biodiesel, it can be found that biodiesel and water may format micro-emulsion fuels only with the existence of ethanol, furthermore, more water and biodiesel can be micro-emulsified with certain surfactants and ethanol. To study the application of biodiesel-ethanol-water micro-emulsion fuels, the paper indicates the preparation of the micro-emulsion fuels, and their...
Successful innovation depends upon complementary innovations and stimulation of investment in related fields; accumulated capacity in various related technologies comprises critical innovation infrastructure for an emerging industry, as well as for a nation that intends to reinforce its overall innovative capacity. As a technology latecomer aiming at reducing its energy dependence on fossil fuel as...
Biomass pyrolysis oil is a complex mixture containing a wide variety of oxygenated compounds, which results in difficulties in bio-oil upgrading. To gain a clearer understanding of the reaction pathways, seven compounds were chosen to represent biomass pyrolysis oil. In this paper, catalytic desertification was applied to convert the carboxylic acids into esters. The influences of reaction time and...
The production of noble Eucalyptus oil from Eucalyptus leaves brings a mass of extracting wastewater pollutive to water environment. In order to better utilize and recover the productive wastewater from the Eucalyptus oil, we used pyrolysis-GC/MS to analyze the possible top value-added components of benzene/ethanol extractives of leaves of two Eucalyptus cultivars, i.e. E.dunnii and E.grandis. Relative...
Biobased production of fuels from renewable resources has gained high research and development priority due to issues of national security regarding US fossil fuel consumption and concerns about the environmental impacts of burgeoning greenhouse gases. Currently, most ethanol production in the US uses corn as the feedstock. However, corn production significantly contributes to water quality degradation,...
Pro-Alcool the National Alcohol Program began in 1975 and was a government financed program, developed on account of the petrol crisis of 1973, and fortified due to the second impact of 1979. This program aimed to substitute gasoline with ethanol from sugar cane on a grand scale, thereby reducing the dependence on imported petroleum. During the decades to follow, as the international price of petrol...
The chemical components from benzene/ethanol extractives of fresh Chinese-fir wood were separated and identified by GC/MS after enriched. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. 18 compounds representing 94.96% of the extractives were identified. The main and abundant constituents were octadecanoic acid, methyl ester(16.95%), nonadecanoic acid, methyl ester (cas) (15...
Beech tree has high adaptability to environment and tolerance to water stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in many countries. Moreover, beech wood is world- widely used as high-grade timber of paper making for its dendrological characteristics of fast growing, high biomass, medium density, high impact ductility, compressively bend strength. However, researches on Beech wood were...
This paper uses the functions of technological systems of innovation to compare the evolution of bioethanol for the transportation sector between the U.S. and Brazil. It argues that differences in how functions of innovation operate within each system can explain different performances of bioethanol development over time. Despite the economic crisis of the 1980s, Brazil's strong strategic guidance...
As biofuels are promoted to be used as additives and/or substitutes for conventional petroleum fuels, a life cycle analysis of different biofuels seems necessary. A study on the implications of different farming methods on the energetic and environmental impacts of ethanol produced from corn is presented.
Previous studies by our group have demonstrated the ability of white blood cells to generate small electrical currents, on the order of 1-3 muA/cm2, when placed at the anode compartment of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) biological fuel cell. In this research study, an electrochemical technique is used to further investigate the electron transfer ability of activated white blood cells at interfacing...
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