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In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), sensor nodes are densely deployed over the region to monitor the environmental conditions like Temperature, Pressure, Sound, Vibration and Light. These networks are widely used in various fields such as medical, industrial monitoring, building and home automation or military surveillance. Sensor nodes in WSN continuously transfer the sensed information to Base Station...
In wireless sensor networks, the clustering routing protocol is commonly used for energy efficiency. However, routing protocols without proper security suffer from many security vulnerabilities. Hence, a key renewal scheme based on the clustering routing protocol is proposed. To apply the key renewal scheme with sensor authentication, sensor nodes are first authenticated during the key establishment...
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of small sensor nodes capable of sensing (collecting), processing and transmitting data related to some phenomenon in the environment. However, the sensor nodes have severe constraints, such as: low network bandwidth, short wireless communication range, and limited CPU processing capacity, memory storage and power supply. Therefore, maximizing the benefits...
Sensor deployment is one of the key topics addressed in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This paper proposes a new deployment technique of sensor nodes for WSN called as Quasi Random Deployment (QRD). The novel approach to deploy sensor nodes in QRD fashion is to improve the energy efficiency of the WSN in order to increase the network life time and coverage. The QRD produces highly uniform coordinates...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. These sensor networks interconnect a several other nodes when established in large and this opens up several technical challenges and immense application possibilities. These wireless sensor networks communicate using multi-hop wireless communications, regular ad hoc routing techniques...
Recent technological advancements in the field of nanotechnology have increased the computation power of the wireless nodes while adhering to the energy constraints. This has made the use of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), more widespread, used in applications such as area monitoring, industrial monitoring, vehicle detection or military monitoring. Sensor nodes have made it possible to collect...
Data gathering is one of the most popular energy-efficient routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this research, we introduce a Dynamic Balanced Spanning Tree (DBST) for data aggregation in WSNs which considers several criteria to balance the energy consumption between sensor nodes. A cost function is presented which can follow the conditions of network. It considers various factors...
Inter-cluster communication technique is drawing immense research interest in recent wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Since sensor nodes are very much constrained in power supply, extending lifetime of these sensors is essential. On the other hand, it is difficult to provide reliable data transfer in WSNs because of their unreliable link quality and congestion at a cluster head (CH) node...
Reliable data transfer (RDT) is one of the key issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and can be achieved by using link-level re-transmissions and multi-path routing. Another key issue is the scalability of WSNs. In this paper, we try to better understand and characterize/quantify the relationships between reliability and scalability, and identify possible design options for the future RDT protocols...
In this paper, we investigate how the sensor network performs in the case when the event moves with special movement path. We compare the simulation results for four scenarios: when the event is stationary, moving randomly, moving with simple 4 path and boids path. The simulation results have shown that for the case when event is moving randomly the performance is the worst in the four scenarios....
A Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a potentially large number of sensor nodes with wireless-communication capabilities that work collaboratively to achieve a common goal. While every WSN application has specific requirements, there are some common basic services that any WSN must offer in order to support applications. There are available commercial WSN nodes offering such basic services,...
PEGASIS, a chain-based protocol, forms chains from sensor nodes so that each node transmits and receives from a neighbor. In this way, only one node (known as a HEAD) is selected from that chain to transmit to the sink. Although PEGASIS is able to balance the workload among all of the nodes by selecting the HEAD node in turn, a considerable amount of energy may be wasted when nodes which are far away...
One of the fundamental operations in sensor networks is convergecast which refers to the communication pattern in which data is collected from a set of sensor nodes and forwarded to a common end-point gateway, namely sink node, in the network. In case of multiple sinks within the network, the total load of the network has to be balanced among these sinks to minimize the problem of packet loss in the...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of autonomous devices equipped with sensors to cooperatively monitor certain physical or environmental phenomena, such as temperature, vibration, pressure, or pollutants, at different locations. These devices called sensor nodes (SNs) have sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities. One of the significant features of SNs is their limited battery...
The most important element of Wireless Sensor Networks technologies is energy efficiency. When we design network protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, we should consider duplicate messages. We can achieve the goal of energy efficiency as reducing duplicate packets. Directed Diffusion is one of the energy efficient routing protocols. It selects one reinforced path from source to destination and then...
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