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The extremely cold environment experienced by outboard cables used in the Earth's polar regions necessitates careful selection of polymers for use as jackets. The U.S. Navy has two specifications for neoprene (polychloroprene) cable jackets — one designated “Arctic neoprene” because of its extreme low temperature flexibility requirement (−54°C) and the other designated by default as “standard neoprene”...
Due to nonlinearity and uncertainty of induction cooker system, it is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model for control purpose. This paper proposes an appropriate fuzzy control strategy for controlling pan temperature of induction cooker system, without an accurate control model. In induction cooker system, the temperature feedback is from the glass countertop instead of the pan....
Paper provides an overview of passive thermographic analysis of photovoltaic panels. Operation state of real photovoltaic system, power plant ETFOS 1, is described through detailed thermographic documentation. The importance of education needed for correct measurement and interpretation of thermodynamic state of photovoltaic (PV) modules has been emphasized. Influences that can change apparent temperature...
Radiation cooling causes a non-uniform temperature field in the glass sample. In this case, heat flow arises in the sample and generates mechanical stresses and, as a consequence, optical anisotropy and birefringence. Modulation polarimetry technique for birefringence measuring was used. Phase differences between orthogonal components of linearly polarized light are linearly dependent on a stress...
In this study, a high-efficiency and low dark current thin-film crystalline selenium (c-Se)/gallium oxide (Ga2O3) heterojunction photodiode is demonstrated via improving the deposition conditions for the tellurium nucleation layer that prevents the peeling of the selenium film during annealing. The highly (100)-oriented polycrystalline selenium film is grown by employing a thin tellurium (Te) nucleation...
This research mainly focuses on the household bean sprouts machines, putting forward a kind of intelligent photoelectric household bean sprouts machine, which is made up of the base, cover, cultivating cylinder, cultivating dish, pressure tray, pressure sensor, intelligent controller and control panel, etc. Considering that different beans need different illumination levels, this design uses the liquid...
The complicated complex nature of vapour flows of these glasses which contain about three tens of different AsmSn atomic complexes (m = 0 − 4, n = 0 − 8 …) has been revealed. By increasing the flow density of an ionizing electron beam of the mass-spectrometer the coincidence of the total mass-spectrometric composition of the vapour phase with the chemical composition of glasses before evaporation...
We present a method for estimating overheating of a partially covered solar cell module by use of short-circuit current measurement combined with infrared thermography. The resulting analysis allows for predictive calculation of over-heating and thus prevention of damage to the solar cell module due to partial shadow induced overheating.
Positive corona discharge activity along glass surfaces, in pure form and coated with room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV SIR), bridging a short needle-plane gap is investigated under positive ramp high voltages. The case or air alone was considered as reference. At applied voltages just sufficient for discharge inception up to values causing flashover, the discharge current and the associated...
Pb-free silver pastes based on SnO-B2O3 glass frits were synthesized and used for the front-contact electrodes of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. First, four kinds of SnO-B2O3 glass frits with different amounts of SnO were synthesized by a melt-quenching method, and four Ag pastes based on these glass frits were prepared correspondingly. Then, Ag pastes were printed on c-Si solar cells and...
Evaluating sensor characteristics is a critical task to choose the device with better performance for a specific application. In case of environmental monitoring systems, being low power design a big challenge, reducing activation periods is a recurrent technique to reduce power so response time of sensors should be evaluated to accomplish this goal. In this article, a hardware-software monitoring...
We investigated the thermal management design of microfabricated vapor cells by putting forward three wiring patterns. A theoretical model and a simulated analysis were implemented to optimize heating and temperature-measuring wiring patterns on the cell surface. The optimal pattern is able to maintain heating efficiency, optical transparence and weak additional electromagnetic field to ∼nT level...
In this work, transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics obtained by the adequate heat treatment of Nd3+-doped glass with composition SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-LaF3 are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) show that the precipitated nanocrystals are LaF3 with a crystal size between 9 – 12 nm. Site-selective and time-resolved emission and excitation...
Phosphate glasses (PGs) are promising host materials for the development of compact fiber amplifiers and lasers thanks to their good chemical durability, easy processing, outstanding optical properties, no clustering effect and very high solubility of rare-earth (RE) ions. Furthermore, some particular calcium-phosphate glasses exhibit unique dissolution properties in aqueous media with degradation...
Harsh environmental sensing using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technologies is a rapidly growing field of research. A new generation of devices that operate in extreme environments (particularly those operating above 800°C) including environments with additional challenges such as radiation and intense optical fields (e.g. high power lasers), must be capable of withstanding gradual annealing and degradation,...
The importance of the mechanical behavior of electronic packages starts at the beginning of the package assembly process and continues through performance testing procedures at different levels. Predicting an electronic package's mechanical performance by simulation is an ongoing challenge and pursuit of both industry and academia. To achieve this goal, advanced simulation or analyses should have...
The Glass interposer is proposed as a superior alternative to organic and silicon-based interposers for 3D IC (Integrated Circuit) packaging and 2.5D TSV (Through Silicon Vias) package in the near future. The several attractive advantages such as excellent electrical isolation, better RF performance, better feasibility with CTE, could be fabricated with large size. However, the thin glass is extremely...
Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are used in power electronics packaging to minimize thermal resistance between the heat generating component and the heat sink. Thermal greases are one such class of TIMs. The conformability and thin bond line thickness (BLT) of these TIMs can potentially provide low thermal resistance throughout the operation lifetime of a component. However, their performance degrades...
We report on micro-machined flow-rate sensors as part of autonomous multi-parameter sensing devices for water network monitoring. Three different versions of the flow-rate sensors have been designed, fabricated and experimentally characterized. Those sensors are made of identical micrometric platinum resistors deposited on two different substrates-glass and silicon with and without insulation layer...
The paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of undoped and doped (Bi, Ni and Cr) aluminate glass microspheres with gehlenite (2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2) matrix. Polydisperse systems of glass microspheres were prepared by flame-spraying technique. All composition were partially crystalline, with gehlenite as main crystalline phases, except undoped composition, where hatrutite is the main crystalline...
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