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Distance relays are one of the mostly used protective devices in transmission systems. These relays are used as main, first zone and a part of second zone, and backup, the rest of second zone and third zone, protective devices. Fault resistance is a source of error for distance relays in the form of the measured impedance deviation from its actual value. This paper investigates the measured impedance...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase in short circuit levels along the power systems, which itself causes...
This paper presents the effects of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading,...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point itself depends on the power system structural and operational...
This paper presents the measured impedance by a distance relay in the presence of thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), one of the series connected FACTS devices, on a transmission line, considering its metal oxide varistor (MOV) operation, in the case of inter, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by the power system structural...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), one of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, which is equipped with a Superconductor Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system, in the case of inter, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The presence of SMES equipped UPFC on a transmission line greatly...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, in the case of inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The presence of SSSC on a transmission line has a great influence on the measured impedance at the relaying...
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