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Systemy ciepłownicze stoją wobec perspektywy wzrostu kosztów prowadzonej działalności, na który składają się: koszty węgla - w coraz większej skali importowanego, kupowanego po cenach istotnie wyższych niż ceny miału dla elektroenergetyki zawodowej, koszty pozwoleń na emisję CO2 (rys. 1), koszty wykorzystania wody, koszty energii elektrycznej zużywanej na potrzeby wytwarzania ciepła i utrzymania systemu...
Artykuł przedstawia spojrzenie na odpady komunalne jako na element nowoczesnej i zdywersyfikowanej polskiej polityki energetycznej. Omówiony został istotny wpływ potencjalnych spalarni odpadów na polską gospodarkę odpadami komunalnymi oraz na sieć energetyczną, zwłaszcza w kwestii miejskich sieci ciepłowniczych. Dodatkowo zostały przedstawione podstawowe uwarunkowania prawne zarówno krajowe, jak i...
With the shortage of traditional fossil energy and environment problem aggravating, renewable energy and CHP or CCHP, which is considered as a method for the efficient use of energy, have received a great deal of attention. How to improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and achieve maximum economic revenue now seems very important. In this paper, an optimization model of a combined heat and...
In this paper, we consider the energy management for a building microgrid considering a probabilistic constraint on the renewable energy utilization. Facilitated by the microgrid technology with integrated renewable energy resources, we assume that the building microgrid can participate in the electricity market to efficiently utilize the renewable energy and reduce electricity cost. In this paper,...
Many renewable sources for electricity generation are distributed and volatile by nature, and become inefficient and difficult to coordinate with traditional power transmission paths. As a part of the transition from fossil fuel to renewable sources, local energy markets allow an efficient allocation and distribution of energy from local sources to nearby households. When using a discrete time double...
The growing share of fluctuating power generation by renewable resources and the increasing distribution of battery electric vehicles require the integration of intelligent Energy Management Systems (EMS) into the electrical power grid. Smart Homes will be equipped with controllable consumers, suppliers and storages to realize a flexible consumption and supply of thermal and electrical energy. In...
As an introduction to the current approaches to building's greening and sustainability this paper outlines the intrinsic harmony of the traditional village houses encompassing efficiency and balanced use of renewable materials and energy sources. Further paper reviews technical advances in integrating energy efficiency, solar and other renewable energy sources in new and existing buildings, to approach...
In this paper an off-grid hybrid energy system consisting of a reverse osmosis desalination plant for brackish water powered by renewable energy sources, and a diesel generator as back-up will be described. The whole system serves as a prototype for testing new automatic control methods to increase the plant reliability, which is crucial in remote arid areas. The necessary steps for the design of...
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems are an emerging concept of utilizing the battery storage of electric vehicles (EVs) for providing power system regulation services. This technology could be used to balance the variable electricity generated from various renewable energy sources. This article considers a model of an aggregated electric vehicle based battery storage to support an isolated power system...
Combined heat and power system (CHP) with renewable energy generation, which operates with high efficiency and low costs, is an important form of microgrid. This paper deals with the problem of economic operation of cogeneration system including wind energy, PV, heat recovery boiler and battery. On the basis of predicting the next 24-hours' wind energy and PV power, power and heat demand, a nonlinear...
This paper discusses investment strategies in a microgrid system consisting of cogeneration system and renewable power generation under uncertainty in the natural gas price. Although incentives for introducing distributed energy system increase these days, volatile natural gas prices make its investment in gas fuel distributed generation systems risky. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the risk...
The current feed-in tariff system for renewable energy sources and cogeneration in Croatia stimulates privileged producers exclusively for electricity delivered into the grid, both on transmission and distribution levels. Hence, the electricity consumed on the power plant site is not stimulated by the current feed-in tariff system. Therefore, most privileged producers, in order to receive incentives...
Energy planning through optimization techniques is not a new concept, although different new models have been proposed and used over the last 30 years. Top down versus bottom up models have been analyzed to characterize the studied context, according to the final scopes. Improvements have been added while making (i) the models bigger and (ii) more complicated to catch more details and to understand...
The article discusses the use of storage systems that address electricity supply intermittency. It also introduces a conceptional intermittency controller which is coupled to the storage units; the controller is used as an energy management system. The combined system is capable of mitigating energy source fluctuation as well as supplying heat and hydrogen fuel. The storage units are selected for...
This paper addresses unit commitment for micro-grid optimization including renewable sources, working under deregulated power market. As micro-grid supplies both of heat and electricity consumer, operational optimization must be done in coordination. So far in this paper, renewable energy sources are considered to be negative load, and batteries, as well, are used as the load flattened device to raise...
The increase in the amount of generators based on renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system is leading to many changes in its operation. Since the RES depends on weather conditions, coordinating the operation of the entire power system has become a more complex issue. New challenges need to be faced in order to supply the electric energy to the customers at the appropriate quality level....
Papermaking industry has energy-intensive installations that consume high amounts of energy but at the same time produce steam and electrical power on site by use of regenerative fuels. Black liquor and bark result from the technological. These renewable sources usually are burnt to recover chemicals and energy. In this paper there is presented a methodology for evaluation of renewable use in the...
The fight against climate change and the high import dependency on fossil fuels has led the European Union (EU) to a reinforced renewable energy strategy. Primary aims till 2020 are to reduce CO2-emissions about 20%, to increase the share of renewable energies to 20%, to improve the energy efficiency about 20% and to use about 10% of biofuels. In order to fulfil these ambitious targets especially...
Renewable and nonconventional distributed energy resources (DERs), such as, wind, solar PV, microturbines, fuel cells, diesel generators etc. are gradually becoming more popular as energy efficient and low-emission energy sources. Recent deregulation initiatives in power and energy industry are currently influencing company decisions regarding the construction of new generation plants and transmission...
Renewable energy sources are increasingly playing a key role in the operation and evolution of the power electric systems. However, their incorporation bring with it diverse concerns. A very important issue has to deal with the fluctuations of the renewable resources. Compressed air-based energy storage systems (CAES), with favorable characteristics are a sound means for allowing the efficient integration...
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