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Product platforms are frequently applied in industry for efficiently designing product families. The product platform builds the basis for the derivation of multiple offered variants. Changing the product design to a platform design promises many advantages, e.g. economies of scale, faster time-to-market and less design effort in the derivation of new or updated variants. But the planning and design...
We analyze optimal recycling quantity of waste where production consisting of two modes of production, manufacturing with virgin material and with recycled material. We develop a differential dynamic model of recycling in which accumulated waste quantities depend on instantaneous waste disposed and waste degradation rate. We find that market demand increasing will lead to the increasing of accumulated...
Ideology is a social being reflected, is also an important informal institution. Based on the theories reviewed of Transaction Costs, reveals the technical performance of ideology, as well as the entrepreneur human capital formation mechanism, explains the problems of Human Capital Investment in different historical stages.
The theory of behavior choice for enterprise in market transaction is an important component of the theory of enterprise relationships. Based on the establishment of some concepts of transaction cost, income, anticipated value, utility ,faith in the integrity and dealing under utmost good faith, this paper analyzed the relationships between overall utilities and costs of enterprises in market transaction,...
The coal safety regulations play an important role during Chinese coal production, which greatly effects the progress of Chinese mining technology. Furthermore, in the market-oriented condition, safety input is an important factor that increases the production cost of the mine companies. By constructing profit-maximizing model, the article discusses how do the safety regulations impact Chinese coal...
China has been the main object and the biggest victim of international anti-dumping for many years on end, but many of our export enterprises did not dare to respond to anti-dumping investigations or failed in responding. Accounting information and data is the most important evidence in the anti-dumping responding. Providing accurate, reliable and integrated accounting information and data timely...
VAT occupies considerable proportion in our tax categories. It is crucial important to choose VAT mode of adapting our national conditions and economic situation. Our country has implemented production value-added tax since reformed the tax system in 1994. With China's economic unceasing development, implementation of production model VAT has not met with the requirements for present spurring investment,...
In this theory-building research, we develop a set of propositions to examine the existence, the essential workings, and the conditions for value created and borne by business network co-production. We use transaction cost economics and informedness theory to explain why business network co-production exists; how informedness enhances value; and why customers, a network orchestrator and open standards...
In reality, when the manager influences the production of corporations in an inestimable way, the more self-disciplined he is, the more dependent his income is on the enterprise's production and the more unlikely he is directly monitored. However, the traditional confirmation model of surplus profit sharecropping neglects monitoring strength, monitoring cost and the manager's self-discipline. On the...
With an increase in the scale of society and the economy, coal environmental problems are becoming more serious and the environmental cost is increasing twofold. Environmental problems cause many social issues and economic losses for enterprises. The optimization of the environmental cost becomes more and more important. This paper analyzes the major types of coal environmental costs. Based on the...
Scarce supplies and overcapacity are the main characteristics of many industries in transition economies. This paper focuses on the motives, conditions and impacts of vertical integration under these characteristics. Based on the extension of Hart-Tirole model, we show scarce supplies create motivation for vertical integration, and the motivation is decreasing with the M&A cost. Eager bandwagon...
Inventory is a common name stands for the items which are in stock points or work-in-process serving to decouple successive operations. Effective inventory management is essential for manufacturing organizations for a number of reasons. A basic economic order quantity model allowing backorders is considered in this paper. All cost parameters and the demand is assumed to be fuzzy numbers with trapezoidal...
Influence of production cost on export price is always the hot topic of foreign trade research. Previous researches just use original series to establish models but not fully discover information content of time series signals. Taking China's citrus trade for example, the paper uses wavelet analysis to decompose production cost and export price into four series, which are trend, cycle, volatility...
Risk-based maintenance (RBM) approach is helpful to develop a cost-effective maintenance plan to ensure benefit and safety with low maintenance cost. However, most maintenance is imperfect in process industry. The imperfect effect has not been considered in the maintenance planning step in the previous works on RBM strategy. As a result, they could hardly fit the reality. An improved RBM approach...
In this paper, we develop a causal model to measure expected electricity outage costs in the industrial sector. Here, two popular econometric techniques, namely, unit root test and cointegration model was derived for modeling the production function. Cointegration was established between output (here sales value) and, respectively, electrical energy consumption, labors, and raw materials worth. Then...
All the major citrus producing areas in China are facing the intensive competition from international market. The problem of how to find an efficient path to decrease citrus production cost by analyzing production cost of citrus and how to promote effective cooperation between regions to deal with the pressure of international market through integrating resources of the regions, has become an important...
As the electrical power industry is restructured, the electrical power exchange is becoming extended. One of the key information used to determine how much power can be transferred through the network is known as available transfer capability (ATC). To calculate ATC, traditional deterministic approach is based on the severest case, but the approach has the complexity of procedure. Therefore, novel...
Distributed generation is not yet considered to participate in balance management in power systems. Low marginal costs and poor predictability make them less attractive for this application. However, further integration of distributed generation will make participation in balance management a necessity both for down regulation as well as up regulation. The potential of different distributed generators...
This thesis analyzes the actual influences to the harmonization of safety and health standards (HSHS) and labor standard on the international trade, and discusses the relations between the safety protect cost and international trade competition ability by applying the basic theories of economics. It is concluded that the influence of safety protect cost of small countries in international trade on...
In the mature market economy, refined costing management is a core factor for enterprises sustaining success. The accurate and elaborate cost information is the necessary basic information for decision-making and strategy-making of enterprises. On the basis of analyzing the principle of active-based costing and its typical models, the descriptive model of costing process based on active-based costing...
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