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Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is widely discussed, in the literature, for energy efficient data centric wireless sensor networks. Due to its seminal nature it has emerged as a benchmark for performance comparison. For uniform energy consumption of sensor nodes, it suggests rotation of the clusterhead role after a fixed duration, with probabilistic selection of sensor nodes as clusterheads...
The lifetime of a wireless sensor network is constrained by the limited energy and processing capabilities of its nodes. The network lifetime can be maximized when the energy of different nodes of the network depletes uniformly during the sensing, processing and forwarding the data to the sink. Since, the energy required per bit for communication is around two orders of magnitude higher than computation,...
Clustering is a widely discussed as an important architecture for data centric wireless sensor networks. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), proposed in past, is used as benchmark scheme by many proposals and its performance is widely studied in the literature, over last few years. The probabilistic and randomized clusterhead selection strategy results in variable number of clusterheads...
Reducing energy consumption and prolonging lifetime of network to reduce the amount of packet loss are important issues in wireless sensor networks. Many researches derive the minimum hop path for each sensor to transmit its corresponding data to the sink. The sensors in the path forward the data. However, some common sensors in many forwarding paths will consume much more energy, and then they will...
Due to non-uniform network architectures and different kinds of performance requirements in different applications, a universal method of performance evaluation for wireless sensor network is still lacking at present. The new performance evaluation criteria system for wireless sensor network are defined in this paper, such as residual energy, network lifetime and coverage degree. And a synthetic multi-criteria...
A wireless sensor network can be divided into several clusters. Each cluster has a number of sensors nodes and one of the nodes is elected as the coordinator. The coordinator is responsible for not only the general mission but also collecting the sensed data of other nodes and routing to the sink. Accordingly, the energy-consumption is higher than other nodes. Therefore, the coordinator selection...
In wireless sensor networks, it is an important task to periodically collect data from an area of interest for time-sensitive applications. The sensed data must be gathered and transmitted to a base station for further processing to meet the end-user queries. Since the network consists of low-cost nodes with limited battery power, it is a challenging task to design an efficient routing scheme that...
Traditional clustering algorithms for WSN (wireless sensor networks) select only one CH (cluster head) in each cluster, which consumes energy at the CH fast and shortens the network lifetime greatly. In this paper, EBCMS (energy-balanced clustering algorithm with master/slave method) is proposed to solve this problem. The key idea of the algorithm is that one master CH and two slave CHs are chosen...
In order to prolong the network lifetime, energy-aware protocols should be designed to adapt the characteristic of wireless sensor networks. Clustering is a kind of key routing technique used to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm MNLC (Maximum Network Lifetime Clustering Algorithm) for energy heterogeneous sensor networks is proposed. The algorithm uses distributed,...
Energy balance is an important design consideration in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, based on GPSR (greedy perimeter stateless routing), a novel location-based routing algorithm for energy balance in wireless sensor networks is proposed to improve the energy efficiency of the routing approach with respect to both of energy level and location information. Simulations show that the...
The overlapping layers (OL) scheme proposed in our previous work provides a solution to balance the load of cluster heads at different layers in the PMRC-based wireless sensor networks. However, in the OL scheme, the layer boundary and the overlap range are static through the network lifetime. The network lifetime is still limited by some nodes which have only one candidate cluster head. To overcome...
Given the criticality of energy awareness in wireless networks, it has become essential to devise an improved definition of the network lifetime at the system design stage. The new definition must capture the life profile of the network while accounting for its functionality and specific design parameters. This paper presents the notion of network durability, which captures the spatiotemporal life/death...
The subject of acquiring sensed data with the aid of a mobile collector from a wireless sensor network (WSN) that possesses partitioned/islanded WSNs is investigated. The battery depletion of sensor nodes can lead to partitioned/islanded WSNs; as a result, the base station collects merely somewhat sensed data while data routing difficulty arisen. To ease the effect of partitioned or islanded WSNs,...
Intermittent connected mobile sensor networks (ICMSN) have emerged in recent studies, e.g. underwater sensor networks, wildlife tracking and human-oriented flu virus monitoring. In these networks, there are no end to end connections from sensor nodes to sink nodes due to low node density and node mobility. Therefore, conventional routing protocols in WSN are not practical for ICMSN since packets will...
Give a new arithmetic of variable round mechanism to reduce the cluster-heads' death in a round. We analyze the classical hierarchical clustering protocol LEACH, and discuss the existed routing protocols based on LEACH and present their problems. Finally we introduce a new a variable round mechanism. A simulation comparison is made between the traditional constant round and the variable round mechanism...
An important issue of routing is how to effectively balance the energy consumption of the entire network, and avoid the energy-hole which would lead to the premature death of the network. Based on the characteristics of wireless sensor network, this paper firstly converts the routing problem into linear programming problem, and proves the equivalence between the routing problem and linear programming...
Due to the limited capacity of the sensors' batteries, energy is a critical resource in wireless sensors networks. Sleep mode operation is an effective approach to prolong the life time of the network. How to determine insomnious (wakeup) node is a critical component of this approach. There are a number of selection methodologies in the literature but all of them except randomized sleeping require...
Wireless sensor networks usually deploy in the harsh operational environment where the physical presence of human administrators is impractical. Applications and systems of these networks are thus expected to operate with the minimum aid or supervision. Biologically-inspired behaviors, such as self-healing, self-adaptation, have already been recognized as the desirable features for these systems to...
Hazards such as fires and floods may destroy and prevent nodes of a wireless sensor network from functioning properly and reporting measurements of interest. Destructions by hazardous events are systematic and hence different from random node and link failures, which are very common in wireless sensor networks due to the fragility of devices and the intermittent degradation in wireless link quality...
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