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Two human factors studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of intelligent agents' user interfaces that were designed based on the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model. Results show that agents' transparency (based on the SAT model) can benefit operator performance and support proper calibration of trust in the agents. Increasing levels of transparency enhanced operator's...
We discuss the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model and its three levels of information to support agent transparency and operator situation awareness of the agent: agent's current action or plan, agent's reasoning information, and agent's projections of future outcomes. Two studies -- Autonomous Squad Member and IMPACT -- are summarized to illustrate the utility of agent transparency...
Autonomous and semi-autonomous smoothly interruptible trajectories are developed which are highly suitable for application in tele-operated mobile robots, operator on-board military mobile ground platforms, and other mobility assistance platforms. These trajectories will allow a navigational system to provide assistance to the operator in the loop, for purpose built robots or remotely operated platforms...
This paper describes a trust-based vehicle controller that can be tuned to ensure decentralized string stability in a convoy. The controller leverages the RoboTrust algorithm to mitigate risks associated with trust-based vulnerabilities, such as cyber attacks, poor decisions, and malfunctions. In our scenario, we simulate a simple convoy mission in which twelve vehicles move together between waypoints,...
Modern warfare is focusing on expanding the extent of Network Centric Warfare (NCW) and Networked Control Systems (NCSs). The Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) is, among other armies, trying to find a reliable solution for the architectural and technical design of a new operational information network. This paper focuses on discussing the possibilities of creating new Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)...
A military multitasking environment was simulated to examine the effects of unreliable automation on the performance of robotics operators. The main task was to manage a team of four ground robots with the assistance of RoboLeader, an intelligent agent capable of coordinating the robots and changing their routes based upon developments in the mission environment. RoboLeader's recommendations were...
Fault tolerance is critical for servomotors used in high-risk applications, such as aerospace, robots, and military. These motors should be capable of continued functional operation even if insulation failure or open-circuit of a winding occur. This paper presents a fault-tolerant (FT) ripple-free torque controller for brushless DC (BLDC) motors that can maintain accurate torque production with minimum...
Throughout history, technological evolution and military activity have been linked to each other. The existential challenge to a particular society represented by warfare, combined with the immediate advantage that technology can deliver, tends to accelerate technological innovation and diffusion. The relationship between them, and the social and ethical issues that arise from that relationship, are...
In the world that has an enormous potential for conflict, militaries around the world are taking Patton's words very seriously. Right from the ancient times, the foot soldiers has fought and won the battle for the victor. However, over the past decade or so, the infantry's role has changed - the emergence of smart munitions and precision aerial bombardment has resulted in the infantryman entering...
The field of electronic noses and gas sensing has been developing rapidly since the introduction of the silicon based sensors. There are numerous systems that can detect and indicate the level of a specific gas. We introduce here a system that is low power, small and cheap enough to be used in mobile robotic platforms while still being accurate and reliable enough for confident use. The design is...
This research focuses on the development of a network of cooperative autonomous robotics for military applications (CARMA) that work together to search, track, carry, deploy and retrieve sensor and other small payloads for a variety of purposes. CARMA addresses how the distributed hierarchical structure employed by the military is ideally suited as an efficient and robust model for distributed cooperative...
When will we realize that our artificial-intelligence and autonomous-robotics research projects have been harnessed to manufacture killing machines? This is not terminator-style science fiction but grim reality: South Korea and Israel have both deployed armed robot border guards, while other nations-including China, India, Russia, Singapore, and the UK-increasingly use military robots. Fully autonomous...
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