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With an increase in public awareness about climate change and substantial advancement in the utilization of renewable energies, there is a growing demand for the development of compact and portable solar-powered devices at the consumer electronics level. This paper details the electronic circuitry design and prototyping of a solar-powered charger with an IoT platform. The work also addresses challenges...
Usable capacity refers to the maximum capacity in theory that a fully charged battery can release, and is often used as an indicator in state of health (SOH) estimation for lithium ion batteries. The traditional method for measuring usable capacity is mainly based on voltage data in the discharge process with a constant current. However, the discharge current of a lithium ion battery in operation...
In recent times low powered devices are gaining popularity, one of the main reasons being their portability and hence the demand increases for low power & portable energy sources. Apart from the conventional and non-conventional methods of generating power, researchers are finding other ways of utilizing the energy that is wasted in the environment in form of vibrations, pressure, heat, sound,...
This paper presents a fully embedded State of Health estimator for widely used lithium iron phosphate batteries. The study was done including technical and cost constraints of automotive industry. An online estimator using Incremental Capacity Analysis and a Butterworth filter is studied. Cells were aged using pure electric vehicle cycles and were monitored with an automotive Battery Management System...
Doppler-shifted Stark and Zeeman effects are applied to the measurement of the magnetic structure that confines toroidal plasmas for nuclear fusion. Progress on these applications to the Korean tokamak is presented.
We show experimentally that by connecting Lithium Ion Capacitor (LIC) parallel with Lithium Ion Battery (LIB), the current of the LIB decreases, and the rise in temperature, a degradation factor in the quality, is reduced. The rise in temperature of the LIB is related to the current and the internal resistance of the LIB. We also show that the current distribution between LIB and LIC is calculated...
Coin cell batteries have been used in low current application in the past. Due to their low cost and small size, they are an attractive option for use in wireless sensor networks. The rated capacity of a coin cell batter is not achievable. In fact, the achievable life time could be significantly shorter mainly due to characteristics of the draw currents in wireless applications. Measurements have...
W-Ir dispenser cathodes have been fabricated with lithium oxide doped impregnant mix and tested for their emission characteristics in a closely spaced diode configuration. With Li2O doping, emission current density improved from 7.5 to 32 A/cm2 at 1075oC. 32000 hours of life as on date has been measured.
Lithium ion battery is designed to perform as a portable 12Volt D.C power supply. This power supply was tested to recharge a parallel of lithium ion battery by using one single charge controller. This experiment aimed to prove the concept of solar photovoltaic to charge a lithium ion battery for water quality monitoring system. This type of system is considered a low voltage application. Charge controller...
This paper presents a high accuracy state-of-charge (SOC) estimation of a Li-Ion battery pack. Specifically, to overcome the difference in electrochemical characteristics among Li-Ion cells and to improve accuracy of SOC estimation, screening processes for the selection of the cells that have similar electrochemical characteristics has been previously implemented to improve accuracy of SOC estimation...
This paper presents efficiency measurements for a 125 V/63 F supercapacitor module (SC) and a 96 V/90 Ah lithium-ion (li-ion) battery system as a function of charge-discharge current frequency. The result would be useful in the design of efficient power flow control in systems using SCs and li-ion batteries as parallel energy storages, and offers a possibility to predict energy storage power losses...
State-of-Charge estimation is one of the most important task of Battery Management Systems in hybrid and electric vehicles. Knowing the amount of charge stored in each cell of the vehicle battery pack is indeed crucial for effective battery utilisation that prevents cells from damaging and extends the battery lifetime. This is even more relevant for lithium batteries that are less tolerant to overcharging...
In this article a method to estimate the capacity of individual lithium ion battery cells during operation is presented. When having two different states of charge of a battery cell as well as the transferred charge between these two states, the capacity of the battery cell can be estimated. The method is described in detail and validated on a battery cell with a current pulse test cycle. It is then...
An accurate model of the elementary accumulation device is fundamental for sizing and controlling the battery pack to be used in electric and hybrid vehicles. Indeed, the implementation of such a model within the Battery Management System makes it possible to evaluate the status and the behavior of the battery pack in every condition and to apply a correct control strategy. This work shows the characterization...
This paper describes experimental results aiming at analyzing lithium-ion batteries performances with aging, for different state of charge and temperatures. The results are provided from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on new and aged cells. A climatic test chamber is used during experiments to simulate the conditions of the temperature. Experimental data are plotted over...
In this paper the possibility to characterize a Lithium Polymer (LiPo) cell, starting from a small amount of measurements only, is investigated. Experimental results achieved by a deep measurement campaign performed on one of the lithium batteries capable of the highest power on the market are partially reported and described. Part of these results together with an analytical model and a data driven...
Battery management system (BMS) is an integral part of the electric vehicle (EV) and the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).The BMS performs the tasks by integrating one or more of the functions, such as sampling the voltages of the battery cells and the temperatures in the battery module, sampling the voltage of the battery, sampling the current of the battery, as well as cells balancing and determining...
In order to minimize few problems of voltage balancing, a new approach of screening process for Li-Ion series battery pack is proposed in this paper. Pulse type discharging/charging currents are applied for various state-of-charge (SOC) points to select the cells with similar voltage variance. This process matches open circuit voltage (OCV)-SOC relations, therefore SOC balancing can be achieved using...
Next generations of Li-Ion-Cells for Hybrid and Electric vehicles must be characterized under real operating conditions and with high precision before they start into production. A new cell-tester allows flexible test conditions with arbitrary current waveforms up to 250A and minimum rise time of less than 5μs. It consists of a switched mode current source in the charging direction and an extreme...
In order to cope with the parameter variations for aged battery, which result in erroneous SOC estimation, the SOC estimation algorithm of lithium-ion batteries based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) using per-unit system and time constant principle is proposed. In this per-unit system, the absolute values of capacity, voltage and current for aged batteries are converted into relative ones and are...
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