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Design and development of energy efficient routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the active research fields. Cluster based routing protocols have proven to be energy efficient and LEACH is one of most popular cluster based routing protocol for WSN. But, LEACH suffers from several drawbacks such as possibility of choosing a low energy node as Cluster Head (CH), non-uniform distribution...
Even after 16 years of existence, low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is still gaining the attention of the research community working in the area of wireless sensor network (WSN). This itself shows the importance of this protocol. Researchers have come up with various and diverse modifications of the LEACH protocol. Successors of LEACH protocol are now available from single...
WSN (Wireless sensor network) comprises of large number of tiny, inexpensive, computationally capable and energy constrained nodes that find use in various surveillance and monitoring applications. Data sensed by these nodes is transfused to the base station using various routing procedures. The pivotal issue in wireless sensor networks is of lifetime and energy conservation as the sensor nodes' energy...
Wireless sensor networks are one of the fast growing technologies in communication field, because of their compact size and ability to work in rugged conditions where human reach is not possible. This paper discusses about H-LEACH, which is used to solve problems of energy considerations while electing a channel head. H-LEACH considers residual and maximum energy of nodes for every round while electing...
LEACH protocol called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, is a protocol that allows the formation of distributed cluster. In each cluster, LEACH randomly selects some sensor nodes called cluster heads (CHs). The selection of CHs is made with a probabilistic calculation. It is supposed that each non-CH node joins a cluster and becomes a cluster member. Nevertheless, some CHs can be concentrated...
Wireless Sensor Network is utilized as a part of numerous applications like defense application, surrounding observing, traffic, security, modern detecting, smart homes, computing framework security, etc. In each utilization of wireless sensor network energy is the scare assets of nodes. It drains more energy in transmissions and processing. For the purpose of conserving node's energy round robin...
Energy efficient routing is the paramount point of significance in any wireless sensor network (WSN) so that the network sustains without any human intervention. Various energy efficient protocols have been proposed, multi-level Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) being one among these. The multi-level LEACH protocol involves election of cluster heads at various hierarchical levels. If...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise of large number of sensor nodes, which sense and measure various physical phenomena related parameters and transmit the measured data towards the base station by making use of the neighbouring nodes acting as relay nodes. In order to extend the lifetime of a WSN application, it is necessary to distribute the energy dissipated among the nodes evenly in the network...
Wireless sensor networks are characterized by their sensitivity to complex routing protocols that waste energy. In fact, many ad hoc protocols were experimentally proven to be inconvenient for this type of networks. MR-LEACH is a protocol that governs the sensors data transfer to the base station in a multi-hop hierarchical manner. However, the hierarchical clustering does not achieve a high performance...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are collection of sensor nodes that co-operate together to monitor an environment or a system. These sensor nodes works on limited battery source, one of the factor to be consider while designing a WSNs protocol is by efficient use of available energy resources to prolong network lifetime. Studies show that one of the efficient WSNs protocol is Low Energy Adaptive Cluster...
The deployment of Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) must be done with some kind of advanced techniques so that it can mitigate the energy constraints. An existing, clustered-based routing protocol known as Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) was studied, the outcome is an improved algorithm based on LEACH. The performance of these algorithms was studied through simulations using OMNeT++. In...
Wireless sensor networks have gained major attention from most of the recent research community. One of the important issues in this type of networks is the inherent limited power of the network sensor nodes. Hierarchical routing protocols are incorporate of efficiently balancing the load on the sensor nodes. But, dice the death of some nodes to the network begins to deteriorate more and more. This...
In wireless sensor networks, clustering approach provides an efficient method for minimizing energy utilization and maximizing system lifetime. The issue of identifying appropriate cluster heads (CHs), forming energy efficient clusters and transmitting data packets to base station (BS) by direct or multi hop are important problems. This paper presents two approaches for two different scenarios. First,...
LEACH is a hierarchical routing protocol special for WSN. Many researchers have proposed many improved algorithms based on LEACH, such as LEACH-C, LEACH-M and so on, and these algorithms have much improvements on efficiency of energy in certain extent. Within the lifetime of networks, based on the shortcomings of LEACH that each node is frequently repeated several times elected cluster-head and consumed...
There are several modification has been happened in LEACH protocol. Most of modifications are in cluster organization. This paper studies modified LEACH protocol using data update procedure of cluster head. In LEACH protocol frequency of sending data to the base station by smaller cluster is higher than bigger cluster due to that energy dissipation in smaller cluster is more than bigger cluster. This...
In this paper, an improved LASA algorithm is proposed. A scheme of the alternative cluster head is introduced to balance the network energy consumption and a new query mechanism is used to reduce the request control packets. The simulation results demonstrate that the modified LASA algorithm outperforms the LASA algorithm in balancing the energy consumption of the network, prolongs the network's lifetime...
In recent years, several protocols have been proposed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in many different purposes. Wireless Sensor Networks have the limitations such as energy source, memory size and processing power. Therefore, developing an energy-efficient routing protocol is an interested research work in this field. The routing protocols in sensor networks are able to classify into three categories...
In many typical wireless sensor networks, the nodes are fixed, where cluster based protocols like LEACH were suitable for routing. However, it is another story when the nodes are mobile. This paper proposes a novel routing protocol supporting node mobility called “2L-LEACH-M”, it divides the nodes into two levels: level 1 (cluster-head level) or level 0 (member level), which makes mobile nodes find...
Energy-efficient is a key problem of Under-water acoustic sensor network (UASN). Base on analysis of energy consumption for LEACH in underwater channel, we propose a novel scheme for cluster-head selection to ensure nodes energy load balance by considering residual energy of candidate nodes and the distance to SINK, which can lower the probability of selecting nodes with low energy and poor location...
Wireless sensor network consists of hundreds or thousands of tiny sensor nodes, which can monitor remote environment and it's useful in military and civilian applications. The limitation of the batteries of sensor nodes necessitates that the energy efficiency is a key issue in WSN. We proposed a novel protocol LEACH-L based on the geographical location of nodes, which improves the LEACH on its clustering...
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