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Multi-level clustering offers the scalability that is essential to large-scale ad hoc and sensor networks in addition to supporting energy-efficient strategies for gathering data. The optimality of a multi-level network largely depends on two design variables: 1) The number of levels, and 2) The number of nodes operating at each level. We characterize these variables within a multi-hop, multi-level...
The existing detection methods of greedy behavior in MAC protocol are not suitable for wireless sensor networks due to their high energy cost and complex computing. In this paper, we design a novel hierarchical MAC protocol greedy behavior detection framework for cluster-based wireless sensor networks, and propose a greedy behavior detection algorithm based on a hypothesis testing model. Furthermore,...
Wireless Sensor Network is a technologically high in demand field which is used in plenitude of areas like military surveillance, environmental control, automatic manufacturing environments, smart homes etc. WSN is an affiliation of relatively large number of nodes that are spread across a large geographical area. The components include the features of sensing, data processing and communicating. For...
Monitoring and controlling difficult terrains in a timely manner are a major application area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Usually such areas are unreachable rendering battery change of sensor nodes infeasible. So data gathering protocols should be energy efficient to elongate WSN lifetime. We propose a data gathering method coined as FCM-DS-ACO which uses fuzzy c means (FCM) to cluster the...
Data gathering from unreachable terrains such as volcanic area, dense forest, deep sea floor and others are a major application area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The battery operated sensor nodes are of limited energy and it is necessary to preserve their energy to elongate the lifetime of WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols (HRP) like LEACH, PEGASIS disseminate data to the Base Station (BS)...
Wireless sensor networks are susceptible to clone attack due to open deployment of sensor nodes in hostile environment and lack of physical shielding. Node clone is an attempt where an adversary physically compromises a node, extract all the credentials such as keys, identity and stored codes, make hardware replicas with the captured information and introduce them at specified positions in the network...
Wireless Sensor Network is a network of small battery powered sensing devices (known as sensing nodes), capable of sensing the physical parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, motion, etc. from its environment of deployment and report it to a central node called base station. These nodes collaborate with each other to fulfill their task. As the energy source is constrained in WSNs, it should...
For proper and efficient design of wireless sensor network, minimum energy consumption within the sensors and a longer lifespan of sensor network has been posing a serious challenge for the engineers and scientists. Clustering infrastructure which allows efficient use of available resource has great potential in solving the problems of resource limited wireless sensor network. Attempts are made in...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), massive amounts of nodes, volatile network topology and limited resources (such as energy, computing power, storage, bandwidth, and so on) make the traditional security scheme cannot be directly applied to WSNs. Identity-based encryption (IBE) is becoming a hot research topic since it does not need PKI and complicated certificate operations. In this paper, a novel...
An energy efficient routing protocol is the major concern in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we describe LEACH routing protocol and some of its new versions. After that we propose an energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol, developed from LEACH. The basic concept involved in increasing energy efficiency and hence lifetime is to keep radio communication distance as minimum as...
In the Wireless Sensor Network, the routing protocol is a major issue. In this paper we discuss the contents of three routing protocol of WSN i.e. Location-based routing protocol, Data-centric routing protocol and lastly Hierarchical routing protocol in short and later we will compare these protocols based on some parameters.
Using wireless sensor networks in residential building electrical monitoring changes the style of wire-based measurement and facilitates the design of the system. The wireless communication mode takes new problems such as the transmission efficiency and energy consumption of data transmission. To solve these problems, this paper discusses the characteristics of the network topology for energy measurement,...
The network topologies enhancements are necessary in correspond to the growing of data networks. In this paper, large network problem is described. It includes the routing update cost. The concept of hierarchical network is explained as a considered solution. The hierarchical routing algorithms working methodology and protocols are presented and compared. In addition, it provides a sufficient description...
In recent years, several protocols have been proposed for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in many different purposes. Wireless Sensor Networks have the limitations such as energy source, memory size and processing power. Therefore, developing an energy-efficient routing protocol is an interested research work in this field. The routing protocols in sensor networks are able to classify into three categories...
The hierarchical localization method classifies nodes into frame nodes and ordinary nodes. The frame nodes are localized by centralized algorithm first, and then the ordinary nodes are localized. This paper presents a distributed hierarchical localization method, in which the frame nodes' locations are computed by distributed algorithm. This method does not require a central node in the network, and...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. These sensor networks interconnect a several other nodes when established in large and this opens up several technical challenges and immense application possibilities. These wireless sensor networks communicate using multi-hop wireless communications, regular ad hoc routing techniques...
Due to the hostile environment and the limitations of the wireless sensor networks (WSN for short), a feasible and efficient key management scheme becomes one of the critical issues in WSN. Many protocols proposed before didn't pay much attention to the key protection and revocation issues. So, to address these problems, we put forward a new dynamically clustering key management scheme based on secret...
To balance energy consumption for nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) is an important considering factor. A simple model is set up to analytically evaluate the energy consumption in WSN by using aggregation mechanism. It is show that energy consumption of an aggregation node increases so rapidly in the neighborhood of the sink node. A modified hierarchical data aggregation strategy is proposed...
In this paper, we study the localization problem in large-scale Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Unlike in the terrestrial positioning, the global positioning system (GPS) can not work efficiently underwater. The limited bandwidth, the severely impaired channel and the cost of underwater equipment all makes the localization problem very challenging. Most current localization schemes are...
This paper presents a real world case of implementing a sensor network for fulfilling the requirements of gas meter application. We propose a hierarchical network, which includes the functionalities such as receiving, transmitting, routing, auto-reconfiguring, scheduling, and deep-sleeping under the stringent requirement of power consumption. We are currently conducting tests on this system and collecting...
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