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The directed flow of protons is studied in the quark-gluon string model as a function of the impact parameter for S+S and Pb+Pb reactions at 160 AGeV/c. A significant reduction of the directed flow in midrapidity range, which can lead to the development of the antiflow, is found due to the absorption of early emitted particles by massive spectators (shadowing effect). This effect can mimic the formation...
Local thermal and chemical equilibration is studied for central A+A collisions at 10.7-160 AGeV in the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model (UrQMD). The UrQMD model exhibits strong deviations from local equilibrium at the high density hadron-string phase formed during the early stage of the collision. Equilibration of the hadron-resonance matter is established in the central cell of...
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