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The design of a substation grounding system that is surrounded by a number of backfill material (finite volumes of soil) with distinct resistivity values, such as a thin surface layer of crushed rock and paved surfaces is particularly complicated. The effects of such arbitrary finite volumes of backfill material and heterogeneous soil have been studied in this paper. The numerical solution of a boundary...
The effect of backfill on the performance of the grounding system of a substation is studied in this paper. The backfill is simply the replacement of the existing soil surrounding the grounding grid with a different soil. When the backfill soil resistivity is higher than the original soil resistivity, the touch voltage is higher compared with the case where no backfill is used; the step voltage can...
Three-phase four-wire multigrounded neutral (MGN) is the preferred distribution line configuration in North America. Its performance characteristics, such as temporary overvoltage (voltage swell) and ground potential rise (GPR), are difficult to understand and assess due to the presence of a neutral conductor and the conductor's multiple grounding nature. The characteristics are further affected by...
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