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This paper studies a real-case grounding system design for a wind farm and associated equipment. The design is based on the safety criteria provided by Australian and International guidelines listed in the references [1-5]. The wind farm grounding system consists of wind turbine generators, tower base padmounts, 33 kV cable screen and a primary substation. In this paper, grounding system and ground...
The impact of the frequency dependence of soil electrical parameters on the lightning response of a typical grounding arrangement of wind-turbine systems is assessed, based on experimental and simulated results. It was found that the frequency dependence of soil parameters is responsible for decreasing the grounding potential rise of grounding system and, thus, its impulse impedance and its impulse...
This paper deals with the use of the transmission line approach to analyse the transient behaviour of isolated and interconnected grounding systems of wind turbines under lightning discharge. The effects of the soil resistivity as well as the grounding systems interconnection type (cascade and closed) have been studied. As main results, the interconnection leads to a decrease of the impedance and...
Wind turbines are tall structures with heights that can exceed 80m. Their installation is usually done at high altitude and isolated areas causing these vulnerable to lightning strikes considering their total hub height and blade radius. The sites that wind farms are installed are usually of high lightning activity. Furthermore, in these areas the soil resistivity is high, leading to the design and...
This article discusses the safety issues related to wind farm grounding systems. Two different cases are considered. The first case treats a wind turbine subjected to a single phase to ground fault while the second case treats a wind turbine hit by lightning. In the first case, a detailed analysis of the fault current distribution for various scenarios, is presented. A comparative study of the touch...
In this paper, a complete step-by-step analysis for the designing of a wind farm grounding system is carried out. The soil structure is determined based on soil resistivity measurements. The use of the appropriate method and the rigorous application of the method are very important. Thereafter, a grounding system for each wind turbine (WT) and the control station is designed and enhancements of the...
An efficient technique is proposed to incorporate the frequency-dependent characteristic of wind turbine grounding system in ElectroMagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) for lightning transient studies. In this technique, first, the frequency response of grounding system is determined using an electromagnetic approach based on the method-of-moments solutions of the governing Maxwell's equations. To avoid...
It is important to investigate the relationship between grounding characteristic of a wind turbine generation system and overvoltage caused by lightning. Based on those investigations, appropriate wind turbine grounding systems should be designed. In this paper, an improvement of a wind turbine grounding system using counterpoises and ring earth electrodes has been introduced; the effects are verified...
Nowadays Wind turbines are used over a wide area as they are environmentally favorably means to product energy without emissions and moreover the fuel is wind which is free for use. Wind turbines are often installed in mountainous area where the soil resistivity and isokeraunic level is high. When the soil resistance is high, the potential rise caused by lightning strike to a wind turbine is more...
IEC TR61400-24 [1] suggests interconnection of the grounding system of wind turbines to achieve low steady-state resistance, however, the transient behavior during a lightning strike to the interconnected wind turbine grounding system remains to be discussed. This paper investigates the influence of interconnection on the lightning surge response of wind turbine grounding system. Two different numerical...
The design of a wind farm grounding system including the substation and wind turbine generators of the collector network is a very comprehensive task. Powerful integrated grounding simulation methods and design techniques that are appropriate for carrying out this kind of work are presented and discussed in this paper. They include soil structure model selection based on in-situ soil resistivity test...
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