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In urban and industrial areas, a relevant presence of buried metallic objects (e.g., gas and water pipes, etc.) can be detected. Usually, these elements are imagined as widespread meshed metallic grids in a good contact with the soil. In the last years, an arising interest on their role in the identification of a global earthing system has been expressed by the scientific community. Unfortunately,...
In every HV substations, protection from the direct lightning stroke is paramount. However, substations protected from direct lightning stroke using shielding wires at coastal region are found to be more susceptible to failure. This is because of accidental snapping of the earth wires after attacked by severely corrosion causing a short circuit within the substation. In this regards, use of lightning...
International Standards IEC 61936-1 and EN 50522 define a Global Earthing System (GES) as the earthing network, created by the interconnection of local earthing systems, that should guarantee the absence of dangerous touch voltages. This is achieved through two effects: the division of the earth fault current between many earthing systems and the creation of a quasi equipotential surface. The second...
The study was accomplished in the transmission line (LT) 138 kV Barreiras - Rio Grande, placed at the Bahia west. This study shows a practical and well happened case, involving necessary stages for decrease the number turn off fortuitous in LT 138 kV Barreiras-Rio Grande.
During the malfunction in the substation, there is danger that transferred potential from the earthing system area into the outer space may occur. This problem may be a limiting factor when calculating the earthing system. Generally, a danger from too high touch voltage occurs. Also, very large potential differences are possible. Calculation of the transferred potential in substation should be given...
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