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We present an approach to decomposition and factor analysis of matrices with ordinal data. The matrix entries are grades to which objects represented by rows satisfy attributes represented by columns, e.g. grades to which an image is red, a product has a given feature, or a person performs well in a test. We assume that the grades are taken from bounded scales equipped with certain aggregation operators...
This paper discusses a mathematical concept of language that models both artificial and natural languages and thus provides a framework for a unified language processing methodology. This concept of a language is regarded as a communication tool that allows language users to develop knowledges, while interacting with their universe of discourse, and to communicate with each other, while exchanging...
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