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We have designed, manufactured, and tested a prototype of an in-sole plantar pressure sensor. The sensor is made of a piezoelectric polymer film (polyvinylidenefluoride, PVDF) with evaporated copper electrodes. The size and the location of measuring sites are carefully considered to produce a light-weighted, practical, and inexpensive matrix sensor for measurement of plantar pressure distribution...
The information on statistics of diabetes mellitus (DM) case rate and its complications is given in the article. One of the heaviest complications of the DM is the diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Surgical treatment methods are often inapplicable in practice due to extreme complicacy of the operation high rate of complications and high cost. Phototherapy may become one of the leading methods of DFS treatment...
In this paper we present the development of a noninvasive method for the evaluation of the degree deterioration of the diabetic foot using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. The study is based on the monitoring of hydration of the skin on the sole of the foot.
Now-a-days the diabetic is the main problem and there is probability to form ulcers in the patient foot. If it is not identified at an early stage it may lead to severe damage leading to remove permanently the foot because the ulcer will completely damage the tissues in the organs. Consequently, a permanent physical handicapped will be the result, and foot Ulcers [1] may also results as a factor of...
Nowadays diabetic foot ulcer has become an increasingly significant public health concern in both the developed and developing world. These ulcers lead to contagion and lower extremity exclusion even in the absence of critical branch ischemia. In Present detection techniques numerous etiological factors affects which does not give accurate detection. Early detection and diagnosis of foot ulcers increases...
Temperature distribution in the sole is an indicator of peripheral vascular abnormalities associated with the diabetic foot. This paper presents a criterion to identify changes in the plantar temperature distribution that can be related to diabetic foot complications. This criterion, based on Kullback-Leibler and Jensen-Shannon divergences, allows identification of changes in the plantar temperature...
This paper presents the characterization of an infrared (IR) Longwave camera kit (Lepton-Flir), based on a bolometer array; for the telemetry measuring of temperature in the human skin. It is important to adapt the device to the measured material since the radiometry depends on the emissivity of the material in question. The characterization took place with the comparison with a thermocouple placed...
Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) or Infrared Thermography is a non-invasive, non-contact, harmless technique which measures and records the surface temperature of the skin under study as thermogram or thermal images. Segmentation of the region of interest from thermal images is a very difficult task especially with the foot because of the presentation of the ankle bones in the images and the...
This paper presents the gait pattern of hip, knee, and ankle angles for stroke subjects diagnosed with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), compared with stroke subjects. The aim of this study is to reveal the gait characteristics of kinematic parameters including hip, knee and ankle angles for stroke with DPN subjects. The findings of this study may help clinician such as medical doctors and physiotherapists...
Limitations of previous thermographic studies to detect diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are addressed in this combined analysis using spatial and temporal features. In our approach, we extract information of temperature patterns before cooling and during recovery after cooling. Temporal features are extracted from, angiosome patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component...
Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most dangerous complications of the diabetes and it needs follow-up by the medical doctor. It makes patients life physically more difficult, and insufficient care may lead amputation of the leg. The stage of the ulcer is determined according to Wagner. Segmentation of infection and ulcer through images can help a better understanding of stage of the ulcer. Although...
This paper presents a first approach to the simulation of a foot model with internal temperature variation using the finite element method, in order to identify the heat distribution in a diabetic foot complication. The early identification of this complication is essential in the prevention of ulcers, infections and amputation of the lower limb. These simulations have been improved in order to understand...
Prevention of serious diabetic foot complication like ulceration or infection is an important issue. As the development of thermal graphic technologies, foot temperature-guided avoidance therapy has been recommended. Doctors from Hospital National Dos de Mayo are studying on the risk of the diabetic foot passing from Grade 0 to Grade 1 in the Wagner Scale. This risk to develop ulcers is related to...
The diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is linked to loss of neuron functions, implying that the patients do not feel their feet and may unknowingly injure themselves or apply excessive plantar pressure. Such patients are at 17-40 times higher risk of foot amputation than non-diabetics. Sensor-equipped insoles are being developed to warn diabetics against inadverted excessive pressure. For the successful...
Diabetic foot ulceration is the repeated trauma occurring at the region of the feet soles where more pressure is being applied. Ulceration of diabetic foot is very common which frequently lead to the amputation of the foot. Due to ulceration the temperature at these regions increases which is leading to the amputation and results in major wounds at these regions. Conventional methods like Plantar...
To determine the evolution of diabetic foot, instruments that measure the changes in different physical properties of foot tissues were proposed. These properties are affected by the diabetes disease. The information provided by each instrument will be concentrated and will be presented on a single screen. The proposed instruments measure the temperature at the plant of the foot, present the thermography...
In this paper the results of pathology detection in the diabetic foot using an ultrasonic elastography technique and thermography technique using an infrared camera are compared. Detection infrared camera is based on the temperature difference of the soles of the feet, especially in areas that are more prone to ulcerations, which are the big toe and heel. For ultrasonic elastography speckle interferometry...
Venous blood accumulation, or high levels of deoxygenated blood within a tissue, can indicate poor blood circulation and increased risk of ulceration. This condition is associated with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease, or diabetic foot ulceration, which is classified as the most common cause for lower extremity amputation in the modern, industrialized world. Neuropathy, associated with lack of...
The diabetic foot is one of the most devastating complications related to diabetic. Its significant transcendence is related to a higher incidence and amputation percentage as well as deaths. Given the fact that laboratory diagnoses trials are both limited and expensive, the most typical alternative is still based on the disease's signs and symptoms. Therefore, the attending physician fills out a...
Cold provocation experiments were conducted to evaluate empirically a thermoregulation model of the plantar foot. An infrared camera recorded the temperature of the feet after removal of a cold patch to document the recovery process in order to validate the non-linear thermoregulation model. To do so, four healthy controls and four diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) subjects were recruited. The...
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