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In a nonbinding transactive energy market with a distribution system operator (DSO) and a set of distributed flexible energy resources, this paper studies the DSO controls. In this framework, DSO sends discharge permission signals to a subset of enrolled transactive agents, who then have the option, but not the obligation, to discharge power in real time at a time-varying payoff specified in advance...
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) - costs continue to decrease, technology continues to advance and standards continue to evolve, and of course, new DER interconnections continue to occur. The future of DER has never looked better, but the uncertainty that it brings to the utility industry is a challenge that needs to be continually addressed in a collaborative fashion. The future may likely include...
This study deals with the formal modeling and verification of Adaptive Probabilistic Discrete Event Control Systems (APDECS). A new formalism called Generalized Reconfigurable Timed Net Condition Event Systems (GR-TNCES) is proposed for the optimal functional and temporal specification of APDECS. It is composed of behavior and control modules. This formalism is used for the modeling and control of...
For a microgrid with a mix of distributed energy resources (DERs), major challenges on its survivability are found in the islanded condition. In particular, a sudden loss of generation or a large and fluctuating load could force the microgrid to operate near its capacity limits. Such a situation can cause a cascading collapse of the system, even when the load demand is within the DER's kW rating —...
In this work the rendezvous problem of multiagent systems with the event-triggered control scheme is studied. Each agent is assumed to have only a limited communication range. Connectivity-preserving rendezvous controllers with bounded inputs have been developed using multiple triggers and the constraint function approach. With some very mild assumptions, existing communication links can be preserved...
A virtual power plant assists in the integration of distributed energy resources in the power system. With a rising share of distributed generation, an active management of distributed energy resources is indispensable in order to ensure operation of the electricity network towards the future. In this paper, the virtual power plant concept is analyzed. Three essential components that characterize...
The role of distributed and variable renewable resources as major participants in power system operations and markets has grown beyond the point of speculation in many jurisdictions. Alongside that market growth, the capabilities of distributed and renewable resources have been maturing to the point where it no longer makes sense to view these resources as constraints. Markets and policies, however,...
Smart grids are characterized by a dynamic nature in which distributed energy resources (DER's) changes internal states and availability over time. Distributed Energy Resources (DER's) and the distributed control system will thus be required to automatically configure itself to this dynamic behavior. This paper1 addresses communication and control challenges to achieve a plug'n'play type of DER management...
This paper investigates stabilization and synchronization problems of a nonlinear four-dimensional energy resource system. By using the fuzzy interpolation method, a systemic method will be proposed to stabilize and synchronize the nonlinear energy resource systems. Based on the designed fuzzy state-feedback controllers, sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the stabilization of the four-dimensional...
As policy makers seek to integrate a serious sociological and environmental issue into energy production, the typical utility is faced with not only technology upgrades, but also dealing with new systemic events that occur far beyond its franchise borders. Adding renewable energy resources into the existing bulk generation power system can be accomplished through a smarter power grid when the integration...
From the mutual relation between hydro energy resource system and ecosystem, analyzes the theoretical basis for space-time variation of hydro energy resource system and ecosystem, and the concrete mechanism of the two systems. The study shows that seen from the smaller range of time dimension, the emphasis is embodied in different phases of hydro energy resource exploitation to ecosystem element interference,...
This paper deals with the holistic modeling approach of a combined Photovoltaic, Wind and Fuel Cell power system. The method is using the DK5 modeling/design environment from Mentor Graphics and is based on the new Handel-C programming language. The goal of the work carried out was to achieve an optimized holistic digital control system design, followed by its rapid prototyping into a single Field...
The requirements of transforming the centralized and one-way flow of control and information by energy service providers to the decentralized and two-way flow structure enabling plug-and-play are rapidly increasing. The importance of reliable, high-quality electrical power continues to grow as society enters into a new era of economics driven by digitally-based technologies. Enabling the digital economy...
Recently, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has inaugurated an Engineering Research Center dedicated to Future Renewable Electric Energy Distribution Management (FREEDM). The premise of the center is to enable the utilization of renewable resources in power distribution systems through the utilization of solid state controllers and direct digital control. The center is at an initial stage and...
Microgrid technologies are very effective in integrating the distributed energy resources for providing high quality and high reliability of electric power. The microgrid is often deployed as a cable-based and small-scaled distribution network at a low voltage level. As a result, the line impedance is much more resistive. This paper presents a minimum output current tracking control method for interface...
In the paper monitoring and control systems is described which was developed at the Laboratory of Distributed Generation of the Technical University of Lodz. The systems is used for testing the operation of different energy sources installed in the laboratory and their cooperation with loads and the supplying network. The advanced IT communication structure was applied taking advantage of PowerDNA...
The paper discusses the need for a wave energy converter (WEC) to sense and respond to its environment in order to survive and to produce its maximum useful output. Such systems are described for Wraspa, a WEC being developed at Lancaster University and first reported at ICCEP in 2007. The main control system that continually monitors and optimises the power-take-off is termed ldquoStepwise Controlrdquo...
With the increase in the number of distributed energy resources and the amount of intelligence in electricity infrastructures, the possibilities for minimizing costs of household energy consumption increase. Household systems are hybrid systems, in the sense that they exhibit both continuous and discrete dynamics. In this paper the mixed-logical dynamic framework is used to construct a dynamic model...
Peer-to-peer technology has the potential to achieve scalability, fault-tolerance and robustness in a cost-efficient way. These properties are not only of interest for Internet applications, but benefits can also be realized in industrial applications. In this short article we discuss the use of P2P networks for the control of microgrids, small islanded parts in electrical power systems. Although...
A microgrid supply/demand control system is proposed. In this control system, operation planning is realized based on generation and load forecasting by using artificial neural network and fuzzy systems. Unit commitment of generation includes start/stop of power generation and energy storage. Load following function is accomplished based on PI control scheme. To compensate for the power fluctuation...
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