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The supercapacitor is a candidate energy storage component for energy harvesting powered autonomous wireless sensor node aiming to achieve battery replacement-free, “fit and forget” sensor node in low-power IoT applications. The leakage current of the supercapacitor provided by the manufacturer is tested long after post-charge, raising a concern relating to the uncertainty of the dynamic leakage current...
This paper describes the design of a high-density 4,096-pixel electrochemical biosensor array in 180nm CMOS for biomedical applications that require multiple analyte detection from small (5μL) samples. Each pixel of the array contains an exposed 45×45μm2 interdigitated micro-electrode surrounded by a ∼9pL nanowell fabricated using only a standard CMOS process along with a simple electroless gold plating...
The paper presents the results of an analysis of the inter-turn fault effects on the voltage and current waveform of the capacitor discharge through transformer winding. The research was done within the FAIR project for which a measuring and diagnostic system for testing the condition of electrical circuits of superconducting electromagnets system is being developed. Appropriate measurements and simulations...
An examination of how the multi-peaked analytically extended function (AEF) can be applied to modelling of electrostatic discharge (ESD) currents, is presented in the paper. Estimation of the AEF's parameters is achieved using the Marquardt least-squares method (MLSM). AEFs with 2 and 3 peaks are constructed so to represent the IEC Standard 61000-4-2 waveshape and measured data, respectively. Very...
• Estimation of lightning peak currents from remote peak fields is possible, but only within limited accuracy (~ ±20%) • Variations in return stroke velocity, field propagation effects, height of striking point have some effect on the accuracy of obtained value • This needs to be considered when using LLS estimated peak currents for failure analysis (e.g. ATP simulations of lightning caused HV transmission...
Partial Discharges, if initiated give rise to progressive deterioration of insulation material and lowers its life expectancy. If allowed to persist further, PD can even lead to the electric breakdown of insulation. However, in spite of its damaging effects on machine insulation, its application during the production phase of machines, to avoid their permanent failure has gained importance in this...
When an ESD (electrostatic discharge) event reaches a non-grounded metallic part within a product, the voltage of this metal part with respect to ground will increase. If the isolation to ground is insufficient, a secondary ESD event can occur. As secondary ESD often leads to system upset or damage, and to poorly-reproducible results, it is important to detect the occurrence of secondary ESD. If the...
A cost effective circuit to charge and discharge secondary batteries by an arbitrary current waveform is developed for investigating deterioration characteristics of the batteries. A charging management integrated circuit (IC) is employed for controlling both charging and discharging because there are few ICs to control the discharging of the batteries. The circuit configuration with the common ICs...
We report on an extended use of the Fowler-Nordheim plot for energetic evaluation of charge transfers in vacuum electronics. First results explained clearly, the transition from field electron emission to plasma discharge is physically conditioned, especially in the case of higher emission currents.
This paper analyzes the conducted noise generation mechanism of totem-pole bridgeless PFC converter in consideration of frame ground capacitor and LISN at every input voltage zero-crossing. The spike current occurs at zero-crossing and causes severe common mode noise. The frequency range on noise spectrum caused by zero-crossing issue is discussed by mathematical calculation. Furthermore, the experimental...
Lighting Activity Monitoring System (LAMS) project is dedicated to better understanding of lightning activity. Since LAMS monitoring station is implemented at the region with a very high lightning activity it can provide a large amount of data for analyses. In order to enable all project partners to have easy access to the collected data and project documentation, as well as comparative data from...
In this study, an analysis of the effect of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) gun grounding strap on the generated ESD stress waveform is presented. The reference ESD waveform is measured using the standard calibration setup of the IEC 61000-4-2 standard for the different (round, short and long) configurations of the grounding strap. The post processing analysis shows that increasing the length of...
We report an adaptive capacitive transimpedance amplifier circuit for room temperature sensing of short wave infrared (SWIR) radiation. The photocircuit reduces junction leakage current by measuring the current across a photodiode held at zero bias. This is critical to enable room temperature SWIR detection using materials with smaller bandgaps (and higher leakage current) such as InGaAs, which are...
The current monitoring objectives in the discharge circuit of the pulse-current generator for the pulse-discharge technologies were analyzed. The designed control and current protection system of the 4-channel pulse-current generator performs the real time reaction on the appearance of the idle discharges and the short-circuit mode, stores the numbers of the nominal and idle discharges, and, during...
Spurred evolution in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) development, over the last decades, imposed the Li-ion battery (LIB) as the preferred energy storage element. Ever since, the accurate assessment of the LIB state-of-charge (SOC) during the demanding EV operation regimes posed serious challenges. Hence, several methods were developed in order to estimate the available...
This paper presents a solution for the acquisition of electrical impulses generated in electrical discharge machining of material. These electrical impulses may be relevant when examining the material properties. Although the device used for electrical discharge machining doesn't have the possibility for this acquisition, choosing the predefined processing condition predicts arithmetic mean of electrical...
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the electric power industry's presently preferred gaseous dielectric (besides air), has been shown to be a greenhouse gas. Concerns over its possible impact on the environment have rekindled interest in finding replacement gases. This paper studies the possibility of c-C4F8/N2 substituting SF6 as insulation mediums. The SST experimental apparatus is designed in this paper,...
In this paper, two different charging methods were discussed and experimental test using potentiostat were done. Self-discharge behavior were observed in each test applications in an open circuit for 24 hours. Supercapacitors were charge in a constant-current (CC) and constant-current, constant-voltage (CCCV) and both discharge in an open circuit (OC). Equivalent series resistance (ESR) and leakage...
In this paper we present an innovative and precise way to calculate the available capacity in a battery. This quantity is essential to assess the ageing process during real use or ageing tests. The most common way to measure the battery capacity consists on a constant current discharge. It is quite simple to implement but very dependent of impedance and relaxation state of the battery. Consequently,...
In this experiment-based research, the performance and behaviour of a pouch type Li-ion battery cell are reported. The commercial test cell has a Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) based anode with 13Ah capacity. It is accomplished by measuring the evolution of surface temperature distribution, and the heat flux of the battery cell at the same time. Temperatures on the surface of the cell are measured using...
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