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Theoretically, the shape of Neutral to earth voltage (NTEV) on the commercial building is normally imitating to the neutral current profile. However, in real cases condition, the shape of waveform is different due to the grounding system influenced by the frequency variation. The frequency variation on the grounding system typically can be allocated into two modes of frequency; lower and higher frequencies...
The dispersion characteristics of the grounding electrode is an important characteristics of tower grounding network. The electromagnetic parameters of the material have a great influence on the dispersion characteristics of the material with power frequency and impulse sources. In this paper, several kinds of metal and non-metallic grounding materials are selected that are often used for power system...
In the 1990's we were predicting that telecommunications and computing technologies will inevitably converge. Today we don't even see them as separate industries. Let us look at how this convergence has affected the design of grounding systems inside telecommunications and computer room. Mesh bonding network, MBN are common historically and today in AC Data Centers and computer room. MBN is defined...
The earth grounding (EGR) computation model contained in normative acts has multiple nonlinearities and functions with implicit definitions. In addition, through the values indicated for the utilization coefficients, the designers are oriented towards relatively large distances between electrodes and no optimal criteria are defined. In earlier works, the authors have realized nomograms in order to...
In grounding system design, there are many parameters that affect touch voltage, step voltage, and grid resistance such as depth of grid, mesh size, number of rod, length of rod, size of buried conductor, etc. This research simulated effect of mesh size, number of rod, and length of rod, where 3 design models were created. Model 1 using 4 rods with length per rod 3m and mesh size 20 × 20m, model 2...
This paper presents an open framework for the lightning performance of overhead lines. The goal is to provide the technical community with a common set of tools to allow an objective assessment of voltage and current transient responses due to lightning strikes. As it is developed as open source, all the modeling involved can be further modified or improved. It is developed considering mainly the...
In this work is presented in a simulated environment, the analysis of the required length of conterpoise cable connected to the ground rod in a transmission line located in Maceió, Brazil, capable of avoiding the phenomenon known as back flashover, in other words, the disruptive discharges of return in the chain of insulators when subjected to standardized atmospheric discharges considering some values...
This paper presents a study of the lightning performance of subtransmission lines located in high ground flash density areas according to the design of the grounding systems. Analysis of the behavior of 69 kV and 138 kV lines under direct lightning strokes is performed for grounding systems dimensioned based on a fixed value of the low frequency resistance established by Brazilian regulations, and...
This work deals with the design of a Lightning Protection System to the rocket launcher located in the Barreira do Inferno Launch Center. For its development the technical standards ABNT NBR 5419/2015 and IEC 62305 were used as main references. The Electrogeometrical Method (Rolling Spheres) was used for the development of the project, chosen after a thorough analysis of the other methods and the...
In order to improve the corrosion maintenance efficiency of grounding grid metal, the corrosion state of underground grounding grid in an 110kV substation was tested and evaluated by the electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technology. Results indicated that the impedance increase ratio of grounding grid branch was in a reasonable range below the warning value, proving the whole ground grid metal...
This investigation is devoted to study the transient behavior of long horizontal grounding conductor submitted to high impulse current using Transmission Line Method (TLM) incorporating soil ionization and/or mutual coupling phenomena. As results, soil ionization generates a very slight decrease in potential values. This diminution is accentuated when considering mutual coupling phenomenon. A good...
The experiments and theoretical considerations about several cable configurations grounded at both ends are described. The theory of magnetic coupling and shielding is reviewed. In the experiment, a constant magnetic field is generated at 4 frequencies and 10 different cable configurations are tested at each frequency. 40 measurement results are presented and they are compared with 6 measurements...
The history of using the earth as an electrical conductor for man-made electricity for the past 270 years is detailed in this paper. In the beginning man-made electricity used the earth; the surface of the terrestrial ball we live on, as a conductor to return the continuous flowing electric current back to the source for 140 years. Edison realized that using the earth as an electrical conductor presented...
The paper deals with the protective relaying of MV rings recently introduced by e-distribuzione, the largest Italian Distribution System Operator (DSO). The paper refers to an existing MV distribution system which includes a loop line. Attention is focused on Cross-Country Faults (CCFs), i.e. two Line-to-Ground Faults simultaneously occurring in two different phases at different locations. A large...
The U.S. Navy is exploring the use of power electronics based Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) power distribution systems to affordably provide power to advanced mission systems. The design of equipment and the system grounding scheme should be designed to limit common mode (CM) currents through the ship's hull. This paper presents a CM model of an MVDC power distribution system and makes recommendations...
Arc burning phenomenon of insulated rail joint at cut-off point is one of important challenges in high-speed railway (HSR) stations. In order to study this issue in specific, by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software, the equivalent integration model of electric multiple units (EMU) running in the station traction network is established to perform simulation analysis. The actual traction power supply...
Grounding system plays very important role in AC substation station for person and equipment safety. Proper design of grounding system is achievable by following IEEE Std-80 on safety in AC substation grounding but novice professionals find it not easy to use. The advantage of this paper presents evaluation of grounding system for AC substation by case studies presentation thus easing the understanding...
This paper investigates the use of smart meters to detect hazardous conditions on rural LV networks with a TN-C-S earthing system. Various hazards that can be detected by taking voltage and current measurements at the transformer and customer installations are identified and evaluated. These hazards include PEN conductor failure, transformer LV earth electrode high impedance failure and hazardous...
In this paper, we use a combination of circuit and magnetic field to study simulation analysis of electromagnetic effect on buried metal pipes when lightning 330kV transmission lines. Through the establishment of EMPT time domain simulation model, the distribution characteristics of the lightning current and the current of the tower are obtained when the transmission line tower is struck by lightning...
The demand of electricity transmission toward regions for society, industrial and other needs are increasing hence, making electricity transmission and distribution increased as well. The increase in electricity transmission and distribution requires addition of Substation construction. Substation constructions are crucial for economic growth in Indonesia. This research aims to design two models of...
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