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Inflammation is one of the major causes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Emerging evidence has revealed that increase in the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), can activate a variety of signaling pathways, eventually resulting in IDD. Here, we show that the two cullin family genes, CUL4A and CUL4B, but not other cullins,...
Inflammation is well known as an important driver of the initiation of colitis‐associated cancer (CAC). Some cytokines, such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α can activate expression of the oncogene c‐Myc (MYC) and regulate its downstream effects. Cullin‐RING E3 Ligases (CRLs) are emerging as master regulators controlling tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that two cullin genes, CUL4A and CUL4B, but not other members,...
The cullin 4 subfamily of genes includes CUL4A and CUL4B, which share a mostly identical amino acid sequence aside from the elongated N-terminal region in CUL4B. Both act as scaffolding proteins for modular cullin RING ligase 4 (CRL4) complexes which promote the ubiquitination of a variety of substrates. CRL4 function is vital to cells as loss of both genes or their shared substrate adaptor protein...
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