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Purpose of Review The global epidemiology and aetiology of empyema in children is changing due to the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). The aim of this paper was to review current data on the epidemiology, aetiology and management of childhood empyema. Recent Findings Following the introduction of 7-valent PCV (PCV7), Streptococcus pneumoniae continued to be a major cause of empyema...
The term acute kidney injury (AKI) has replaced acute renal failure, recognizing that an acute decline in renal function is often secondary to an injury or insult. The incidence of AKI was 8 per million total population in a UK retrospective study. AKI is classified into three groups: pre-renal, intrinsic renal and obstructive post-renal AKI. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and acute tubular necrosis...
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