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The adsorption of polypeptides such as peripheral proteins disturbs the homogeneous distribution of the lipid components which form membranes. The lipid redistribution leads to an enhanced surface density of adsorbed polypeptides. For lipid mixtures with a tendency towards demixing this effect is more pronounced than for ideal mixtures. Then the adsorbate density strongly increases with increasing...
The adsorption of polypeptides such as peripheral proteins disturbs the homogeneous distribution of the lipid components which form membranes. The lipid redistribution leads to an enhanced surface density of adsorbed polypeptides. For lipid mixtures with a tendency towards demixing this effect is more pronounced than for ideal mixtures. Then the adsorbate density strongly increases with increasing...
Ion channels serve multiple functions in organisms. Defective ion channel molecules lead to hundreds of different diseases. This chapter describes the mechanisms of the three most common channel‐related diseases: diabetes, stroke, and cystic fibrosis (CF). Ion channels are not directly responsible for a stroke, but they are suspected to play a role in stroke prevention. Ashcroft et al. discovered...
We report on dynamic properties of supported phospholipid membranes, using a spectroscopy technique based on terahertz surface guided waves. The transmitted spectra clearly show not only signal decrease of about 10% due to water absorption, but also transmission dips caused by the vibrational motions of membrane molecules.
Batch-fabricated conductive cantilevers that are merely insulated except for a small part at the tip, enable combination of atomic force microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy. This allows correlation of topographical features with a lateral, resolution of about 1 nm and functional features at a resolution <10 nm. Our interest is in proteins embedded in biological membranes. To study...
In recent years, the modeling and analysis techniques developed in the area of formal languages and of concurrent process calculi have been successfully applied to the field of systems biology. In this setting, brane calculi and membrane systems are two of the most prominent approaches for the modeling of the behaviour of biological membranes. Membrane systems have been introduced by Gh. Paun as a...
Liposomes have been well studied as simplified models of biological membranes, and are now used as such in a number of applications from pharmacology to bioengineering, for example as carriers of DNA vectors for internal delivery. In order to study the mechanism that determines vesicular shape, morphogenesis of giant liposomes caused by assembly of cytoskeletal proteins encapsulated into the liposomes...
Using a novel experimental technique that combines optical trapping with patch-clamp and fluorescence photometry, we provide preliminary evidence that native biological membranes are capable of electrically-induced piconewton level force generation in the absence of specialized transmembrane proteins. Force generation is dependent on membrane tension and the transmembrane electrical potential. Salicylate...
Phospholipids are an important example of a class of molecule that have the ability to self-organize into complex assemblies. These molecules comprise a major fraction of biological membranes. The specific arrangement of phospholipids in biological membranes and the matrix these lipids provide for membrane proteins, play a role in important functional membrane properties such a energy transduction...
In most kinetic analyses of ion channel conduction in biological membranes, transitions between channel states are assumed to be adequately described by a Markovian process. Under this assumption kinetic descriptions are also available directly by fitting linear models of the membrane driving-point function to the membrane low-frequency (1-5000 Hz) complex admittance, determined rapidly during voltage...
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