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Broadband communication via satellite systems finds applications in several contexts where other technologies are not available, or economically not convenient. Examples are remote (or disaster struck) areas and ships. The higher costs and lesser capacity of satellite systems compared to broadband terrestrial access, impose to improve flexibility in bandwidth management and dynamic allocation, especially...
In recent years, water quality prediction has attracted many attentions of governments and researchers. The safety of water quality seriously affects the human health, fishery economy and agricultural activities. If an early prediction to the water quality with an acceptable accuracy can be achieved, the negative impacts will be minimized or even be avoided. Many researchers have applied artificial...
An electronic nose (e-nose) comprising a nonspecific sensor array based on metal oxide semiconductors was employed to monitor wastewater samples, collected various sources in Bangkok, i.e., Samsen canal, Nanglerng canal, Praemprachakorn canal and Sanseab canal for 6 weeks (from the end of March to the first week of July), and compared with the fresh water supply. It was found that our electronic nose...
SDN is wildly studied as it enables new services and enhances existing services for telecom operators. Operators with large-scale optical transport networks might tend to operate newly-built SDN networks and legacy transport networks in parallel and gradually retire legacy devices. This study proposes a mediator approach to fulfill bandwidth adjustment demand with both SDN-ready and legacy devices...
Bandwidth in Satellite systems is a resource typically scarce and expensive. To increase efficiency and contain costs of satellite communications, bandwidth on demand (BoD) mechanisms are often employed, able to make shared resource utilization efficient. Adopting the proper Quality of Service (QoS) approach is of paramount importance to allow the optimal response and guarantee target performance...
The purpose of this work is to provide an enhanced adaptive approach to classic queue-based Bandwidth-on-Demand (BoD) procedures in broadband satellite networks. In queue-based schemes, the controller's objective is to drive the buffer queue length to an appropriate reference queue length, and the efficiency of the control strictly depends on the choice of its reference value. In latest approaches,...
Dairy Industries produce nearly thousands of litres of effluent waste per day. This waste with high intense foul odour pollutes ecosystem and ground water, harbour pathogens causing health hazards. Various pre-treatments methods are available to neutralise the effects. But, bioremediation with EM technology is ecofriendly and helps to clean up contaminated environments through the use of microorganisms.
Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching, or GMPLS, is a suite of protocols to enable automated resource discovery, automated service provisioning and automated failure recovery. Driven by the benefit of improved network reliability (through protection or fast failure recovery) and reduced network OPEX, an increasing amount of GMPLS enabled networks are now being deployed in metro area and even in...
A preliminary study using gamma radiation on coking wastewater samples was carried out. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Ammonia-nitrogen content results were obtained at different doses (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 kGy). As increase of the absorbed doses, a decrease of COD and BOD was observed after irradiation, whereas at the doses of 5 kGy and 7 kGy, the residual concentrations...
Most of wastewater effluent parameters are difficult to measure online. Many soft-sensing methods have been used to predict them, such as the mechanistic approaches and artificial neural networks. In this paper, improved least squares support vector machines for regression (LS-SVR) is proposed. Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 (BSM1) is used to generate input-output data, then effluent parameters,...
The most common test for determining the strength of organic content in wastewaters is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The variables of water quality are temperature, pH value (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), substance solid (SS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3N), nitrate (NO3), total phosphorous(T-P), and total coliform bacteria (T-coliform). These water quality indices affect...
With the increasing utilization of multimedia applications and triple play services, multimedia traffic (using TFRC-TCP friendly rate protocol) will be occupying an important portion of Internet in competition with TCP traffic. However, the increasing occupation will be accompanied by complex user's bandwidth requests. In satellite based systems such as DVB-S2/RCS, the management of this resource...
In order to overcome the difficulty of on-line measurement for output water quality such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) in the waste water process, a second-order soft measurement model based on Lawrence-McCarty formula is established. And to improve the precision of model formula, the restrictive memory least square method is used to identify the system parameter and then the identified model...
Sewage discharge creates a serious environmental pollution in water resources. This is the one of the biggest pollution problem in India. The rapid growths of the population, the technological and industrial boom have brought enormous problems and degradation of the environment. Effective collection and treatment of municipal wastewater is a critical problem in a fast developing country like India...
Harmony is a network resource brokering system that provides co-allocation of heterogeneous (optical) network resources in multi-domain and multi-technology environments with advance reservation functionalities. This system is one of the outcomes of the Phosphorus EC FP6 research project. The Harmony system architecture has evolved from a first proof-of-concept, centralized network service plane (NSP)...
A pilot-scale constructed wetland (CW) process was used as a backbone system to treat the secondary effluent and reuse them to supply the water body or irrigation instead of the clean water. This paper describes the design of the process as well as the operating results of the station. The design of the process emphasized efficiency, economy, simplicity, reliability, low construction cost and low...
We discuss in this paper basic requirements of an RCST gateway supporting VoIP traffic without strict QoS provisioning. Besides easing the system design, a QoS management not based on reservation is suitable to accomplish changes in traffic scenarios and to support new applications. The main elements of this architecture are illustrated throughout the paper following a layered structure. A preliminary...
Lake Harapan was created in 1990 to serve as a runoff detention pond in Universiti Sains Malaysia USM. The lake is eutrophic with occasional high levels of 300 mug/l chl a, with dissolved oxygen reaching 12 - 16 mg/l in the late afternoon and near anaerobic condition in late night. A decision was arrived at by USM to rehabilitate Lake Harapan recently, based upon previous model study completed in...
In this article, removal efficiencies of BOD and COD of landfill leachate was investigated using supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process. Under different circumstances -high pressure, high temperature, wet air oxidation (WAO), sub-critical water and SCWO- experimental results were obtained. Organic compounds were almost completely removed when the pressure was above 30 Mpa, and temperature was...
An integrated two-phase anaerobic reactor of 4.5 m is introduced. It is used to treat the piggery wastewater. The performance of reactor is monitored and analyzed including the influent and effluent of total suspended solid (TSS), volatile suspended solid, (VSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphor (TP), CODcr, BOD and gas production. Experiment results shows that the optimal organic loading rate...
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