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The advancement and use of silicon photo multiplier (SiPM) technology has enabled portable devices for applications such as scintillation detection to be developed. The proposed analogue to digital converter (ADC) architecture and field programmable gate array (FPGA) system configuration advances on analogue signal processing methods, traditionally employed for gamma isotope identification applications...
Modern high-energy physics experiments such as the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at CERN produce an extraordinary amount of data every 25ns. To handle a data rate of more than 50Tbit/s a multi-level trigger system is required, which reduces the data rate. Due to the increased luminosity after the Phase-II-Upgrade of the LHC, the CMS tracking system has to be redesigned. The current trigger system...
In this paper the performance of the 2D pixel clustering algorithm developed for the Input Mezzanine card of the ATLAS Fast TracKer system is presented. Fast TracKer is an approved ATLAS upgrade that has the goal to provide a complete list of tracks to the ATLAS High Level Trigger for each level-1 accepted event, at up to 100 kHz event rate with a very small latency, in the order of 100 μs. The Input...
This paper presents an overview of the ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) processor, reporting the design of the system, its expected performance, and the current integration status. The FTK is an upgrade of the trigger system of the ATLAS experiment. The system is designed to reduce the event rate from the proton-proton collisions occurring at 40 MHz to about 1 kHz for the expected LHC luminosity (2 × 1034...
We report on the design of a real-time tracking system using precise space and time information of the hit. Tracking detectors with about 150 ps time resolution are already available and intense R&D is in progress to improve the performance. We describe the implementation of a real-time tracking algorithm in commercial FPGAs for a prototype tracking system based on 8 planes of silicon sensors...
The Belle 2 experiment is undergoing an upgrade with the aim to perform the most precise measurement of the CP-violation using the state-of-the-art detectors. The silicon pixel detector is the innermost layer of the experiment. Because of the increased beam background and the high detection efficiency of the silicon pixel detector, the data rate of the detector is estimated at 22 GB/s which is 10...
The Associative Memory (AM) system of the Fast TracKer (FTK) processor has been designed to perform pattern matching using as input the data from the silicon tracker in the ATLAS experiment. The AM is the primary component of the FTK system and is designed using ASIC technology (the AM chip) to execute pattern matching with a high degree of parallelism. The FTK system finds track candidates at low...
The ATLAS experiment trigger system is designed to reduce the event rate, at the LHC design luminosity of 1034 cm−2 s−1, from the nominal bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz to less than 1 kHz for permanent storage. During Run 1, the LHC has performed exceptionally well, routinely exceeding the design luminosity. From 2015 the LHC is due to operate with higher still luminosities. This will place a significant...
The highly parallel 2D-clustering FPGA implementation used for the input system of the Fast TracKer (FTK) processor for the ATLAS experiment of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is presented. The LHC after the 2013–2014 shutdown periods is planned to have increased luminosity, which will make it more difficult to have efficient online selection of rare events due to the increase of the overlapping...
The PANDA (AntiProton Annihilation at Darmstadt) detector system is under development for the future accelerator facility FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany. In the target spectrometer of PANDA a micro-vertex detector (MVD) will be used as the central tracking detector for charged particles. The design of the MVD is based on silicon strip detectors at the outer layer and on silicon pixel detectors at the...
The ATLAS experiment trigger system is designed to reduce the event rate, at the LHC design luminosity of 1034 cm−2 s−1, from the nominal bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz to less than 1 kHz for permanent storage. During Run 1, the LHC has performed exceptionally well, routinely exceeding the design luminosity. From 2015 the LHC is due to operate with higher still luminosities. This will place a significant...
This paper presents the design and performance of a new readout system for gaseous and silicon detectors built for the Minos nuclear physics experiment. A major constraint was to provide a multi-thousand channel, high performance readout system with low manpower effort and tight cost. This was achieved by the re-use of some earlier ASIC and front-end card (FEC) developments, the design of a new digital...
High energy physics experiments in the intensity frontier push at the limit the detector resolutions. This is the also case for the upgrade of the MEG experiment that requires a design of a new drift chamber to track 52.8 MeV positrons with a single hit resolution of about 100 µm. In order to to compare the tracking performances of various prototypes implementing different cell configurations, a high...
In this paper, a silicon matrix detector is described and the results of the cosmic ray test are given. The silicon matrix is composed by the 180 silicon PIN detectors, which covers an area of 32 * 20cm2. The data of whole detectors is read out by the ASIC chips, and suppressed by an FPGA. In the test system, the trigger is given by two plastic scintillators, which are placed above and beneath the...
A telescope for a beam test have been developed. The system is intended to measure the spatial resolution performance of different types of silicon detectors. The telescope has four XY measurement as well as trigger planes (XYT board). It can accommodate up to twelve devices under test (DUT board). The DUT board uses two Beetle ASICs for the readout of chilled DUT, microstrip or pixel silicon detectors...
LHCb is a dedicated experiment to study new physics in the decays of beauty and charm hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The beauty and charm hadrons are identified through their flight distance in the Vertex Locator (VELO), and hence the detector is critical for both the trigger and offline physics analyses. The VELO is the silicon detector surrounding the interaction point, and...
Real time event reconstruction plays a fundamental role in High Energy Physics experiments. The CDF experiment at the Tevatron collider performs a fast online reconstruction of high-resolution tracks using the Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT). We will describe the architecture, the performance and the impact on CDF physics program of a next generation online track fitter, the GigaFitter, developed to...
PHENIX is one of two large experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The summer shutdown of 2010 marked the begin of the installation of the PHENIX upgrade detectors, the first of which being commissioned for the upcoming Run 11. In order to accommodate the new detectors in the PHENIX data acquisition, we will start to implement significant changes to...
In 2014 the CEBAF electron accelerator at Jefferson Lab (JLab) will deliver a longitudinally polarized (up to 85%), high intensity (up to 100 μA) beam with maximum energy of 12 GeV, twice the present value. To exploit the new opportunities that the energy upgrade will offer, a new spectrometer (Super BigBite - SBS) is under development, featuring very forward angle, large acceptance and ability to...
The experiment PANDA (Antiproton Annihilation at Darmstadt) is under development for the future accelerator facility FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany. In the target spectrometer of PANDA a micro-vertex detector (MVD) will be used as the central tracking detector for charged particles. The design of the MVD is based on silicon strip detectors at the outer layer and on silicon pixel detectors at the inner...
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