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Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming more important in automotive and industrial sectors. There is no clear strategy how to use TSN to improve and migrate the established real-time protocols without excluding legacy devices. This paper presents a realistic concept to integrate TSN into automation networks. We choose Sercos as a deterministic Industrial-Ethernet protocol to be extended with...
In the process of China's automated production, the upgrading and networking of old infrastructures becomes one of the key issues. With large quantity, numerous varieties and wide distribution, these infrastructures brings complex design work and high cost to network them into fieldbus, which greatly hamper the building of intelligent factories. This paper proposed an industrial-control solution to...
The traditional auto-reclosing method in relaying cannot meet the requirements of the distribution network with small hydropower in case of faults. In order to provide reliable guarantee for safe operation of transmission line, on the basis of the improvement measures by the reclosing device in the practical engineering, a reclosing device adapted to synchronization line of small hydropower station...
Contemporary embedded system development is focusing more and more on software modularity and reuse, to reduce development costs and improve reliability. In this scenario, a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) often plays a central role to schedule task execution and provide inter-task communication and synchronization. For this reason, its performance and overhead become critical points of system design...
The use of real-time operating systems for small micro controllers creates two major problems. The former refers to the way interruptions must be handled so that deadlines can be complied with. The latter regards the fact that there may be tasks that will not synchronize with events generated by multiple objects such as semaphores, mutexes, messages or interrupts. The present article discusses several...
Modern defense systems are complex distributed software systems implemented over heterogeneous and constantly evolving hardware and software platforms. Distributed agreement protocols are often developed exploiting the fact that their systems are quasi-synchronous, where even though the clocks of the different nodes are not synchronized, they all run at the same rate, or multiples of the same rate,...
The communication subsystem of distributed embedded systems (DES) that must operate continuously and satisfy unpredictable requirement changes must be reliable and flexible. Recently the Flexible Time-Triggered Replicated Star for Ethernet (FTTRS) has been proposed as a communication subsystem that satisfies these two attributes. It is based on the master/multi-slave Flexible-Time Triggered (FTT)...
Traditional distributed embedded systems are configured using static environment information and thus do not support dynamic behavior of the system. The necessary flexibility in the system may be provided by the Flexible Time-Triggered (FTT) communication paradigm. If, in addition, it is required that the system operates continuously, the suitable fault tolerance mechanisms that provide high reliability...
Traditionally, distributed embedded systems have been designed using static approaches, i.e., assuming a static environment. However, when the environment is dynamic and imposes changing requirements on the system, flexible approaches are needed. If in addition the system must operate continuously, then high reliability is also required. The necessary flexibility for real-time requirements may be...
Predictable and guaranteed response is an essential characteristic of safety-critical real-time systems. Thus we need to guarantee that the end-to-end latency of data exchange within such a system is always bounded and controlled, so that the overall system behavior is predictable and safe. In this paper, we propose a method for determining the worst-case delay when a packet traverses a network that...
Distributed embedded systems that must operate continuously and satisfy unpredictable requirement changes must be reliable and flexible. Flexibility for changing realtime requirements may be provided by Hard Real-Time Ethernet Switching (HaRTES), an implementation of the master/multi-slave Flexible Time Triggered (FTT) communication paradigm. HaRTES relies on a single switch that embeds the FTT master...
This paper presents an FPGA based Ethernet cutthrough switch that is optimized for one-step PTP clock synchronization and fast forwarding of real-time Ethernet frames. Whereas a standard switch ASIC provides sophisticated mechanisms for switching of non-real-time frames, an attached FPGA implements cut-through switching of real-time frames and synchronization events. Moreover, timestamping of synchronization...
In this paper, an approach to synchronize the P2P network Kad to be applied in automation scenarios is presented. The approach bases on a deterministic algorithm to synchronize the network, which is required for hard real-time applications. Todays Industrial Ethernet solutions include and support machine to machine communication in automation scenarios. However, instead of allowing direct communication,...
A Vehicle Travelling Data Recorder (VTDR) based on the newest Chinese standard (GB/T 19056-2012) is designed and implemented. The VTDR can collect, store and query the data in real time, write the stored data to the U disk, and display the related information on the screen. The practical tests show that it fully complies with the newest Chinese standard, including collecting data in real-time and...
A key issue in the development of reliable embedded software is the proper handling of reactive control-flow, which typically involves concurrency. Java and its thread concept have only limited provisions for implementing deterministic concurrency. Thus, as has been observed in the past, it is challenging to develop concurrent Java programs without any deadlocks or race conditions. To alleviate this...
To evaluate the performance of IEEE1588 synchronous system efficiently, and configure the operating parameter of the system, this paper designed a performance evaluation system of IEEE1588 synchronization system. The method adopting network communication is used to observe the real-time offset information and its statistical parameters. Moreover, the operating parameters can be configured through...
In distributed real-time systems, most of the end-to-end delay fluctuations, especially the delay fluctuations in the network, are bounded provided that the global network traffic loads are manually controlled to be light-weighted. This paper introduces a simple clock synchronization method in distributed real-time systems by using the traffic smoothing technique which is implemented at each end node...
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