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The COVID-19 pandemic swept fans out of the stadiums, but matches continued to be played in most major football leagues. We make use of this natural experiment to investigate if home field advantage disappears when the home team is not supported by the fans. Focusing on four top European football leagues, we find such an effect in the Bundesliga only. We propose that this singularity may be related...
Kibol – evaluation of expressive stability of word Kibol, this word is very often use by journalists, when describe negative behaviour of criminalists them. Football fans don’t agree with use this definition. They mean that typification is unjust. Who’s right? This article is trying evaluation of expressive stability of word kibol. Based on the definitions available in many different sources (dictionaries,...
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