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In contrast to other diseases that go along with spasticity (e.g. spinal cord injury), spasticity in chronic autoimmune diseases involving the CNS is complicated by the ongoing damage of neuronal networks that leads to permanent changes in the clinical picture of spasticity.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and spasticity is one of...
Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines are involved in disease onset and pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. It is likely that panels of multiple cytokines provide a good reflection of disease status and can be used as biological markers in body fluids. Different multi-plex platforms, Luminex-xMAP and Meso Scale Discovery, are able to detect multiple analytes...
Inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, contribute to neuronal and axonal dysfunction and cell death. To examine the roles of cytokines in pathogenesis and regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), we analyzed effects of cytokines on early gene regulation (6h) in neuronal cultures, employing gene arrays. Our hypothesis is that neuronal gene expression is differentially regulated in vitro...
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