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This paper introduces an innovative clustering protocol of load balancing which divides the whole network to the virtual circle with variable radiuses. The authors’ protocol uses an innovative architecture in intra cluster communication. In this protocol, radius of each virtual circle and the size of each cluster will increase with the increasing distance from the base station, in such way that cluster...
Energy proficiency is an essential feature to intend an extensive existence wireless sensor network. More than a few methods have been proposed to boost the battery lifetime of sensor nodes. One of the methods is clustering approach which consists of two ways: selecting cluster heads with more residual energy and rotating cluster heads periodically from cluster to cluster thus extends the network...
One of the most critical issues in the wireless sensor networks is the network's nodes limited availability of energy. The network lifetime strictly depends on its energy efficiency. Clustering is a method to make the consumed energy efficient. LEACH is one of the fundamental clustering algorithms. In this paper we have proposed an algorithm which extends LEACH by considering number of neighbors and...
Prolonged lifetime, improved coverage, and load balancing are important requirements in wireless sensor network applications. In this paper, we propose a new clustering protocol-adaptive clustering algorithm based on energy restriction (ACAER), which periodically selects cluster nodes according to their coverage rate and residual energy. ACAER has no assumptions about the distribution or density of...
In recent years a flurry of research activity has produced many suggested schemes for clustering wireless sensor networks, but no hard numbers for real-world implementations. This lack of guidance for developers makes it very difficult to effectively and confidently build working networks. This paper partially addresses these concerns by deriving minimal timing bounds on the clustering process in...
Clustering is an effective approach for organizing the network into a connected hierarchy, load balancing, and prolonging network lifetime. Clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks are classified into static and dynamic. In static clustering, clusters are formed once, forever and role of the cluster head is scheduled among the nodes in a cluster. However, in dynamic clustering the time is...
Enhancing lifetime of sensor nodes should be considered as the key design objective in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A sensor node can only be equipped with a limited energy supply and it loses its energy during data communication. In some application scenarios, replenishment of energy resources might be impossible since the sensor nodes are distributed in remote environment. Hence, the nodes lose...
Dynamic phenomena such as oil spills, mud flow, diffusion or leakage of gases in the environment are characterized by non-deterministic variations in shape, size and direction of motion. Due to the absence of any well defined model for tracking their dynamics, the detection and tracking of such phenomena through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is very challenging. Most of the existing works consider...
Energy efficiency is of great importance for the wireless sensor network (WSN). A popular way to save energy is to construct clusters for data aggregation and forwarding. This paper studies the distributed cluster algorithm to improve the energy consumption efficiency. We observe that the cluster head has to lie within the transmission range of the base station (sink node) and the distance between...
Clustering technique is an effective topology control approach which can improve the scalability and lifetime in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). LEACH is a classical clustering algorithm for low energy scheme, however, it still have some deficiencies. This paper studies LEACH protocol, and put an Improved LEACH protocol which has more reasonable set-up phase. In the cluster heads election phase,...
In recent years, many clustering algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem of routing. However, many of these algorithms have the problem of uneven load of cluster heads. In this paper, we present an algorithm - the maximum balance cluster head energy consumes of routing (MCR) - to solve the above problem. In our proposed MCR algorithm, when ordinary nodes receive broadcast information from...
Clustering sensor nodes is an effective topology control for increasing network lifetime and scalability. It also, balances the load on the sensor nodes. HEED is a well known distributed clustering protocol that uses both energy and communication cost to elect Cluster Heads (CHs) in a probabilistic way. This paper improves HEED protocol using fuzzy logic and a non probabilistic approach for CH election...
In energy-limited wireless sensor networks, network clustering and sensor scheduling are two efficient techniques for minimizing node energy consumption and maximizing network coverage lifetime. When integrating the two techniques, the challenges are how to select cluster heads and active nodes. In this paper, we propose a coverage-aware clustering protocol. In the proposed protocol, we define a cost...
Scalable routing in wireless sensor network (WSN) is required for future applications to provide high-quality and robust transmission. In this paper we propose a Polychromatic Sets based scalable Routing (PSR) scheme for WSNs. PSR is a hierarchical routing scheme designed to scale to the network size. This scheme firstly partitions the network into multiple clusters which are organized as a multilevel...
The main goal of Cluster-based sensor networks is to decrease system delay and reduce energy consumption. LEACH is a cluster-based protocol for micro sensor networks which achieves energy-efficient, scalable routing and fair media access for sensor nodes. However, the election of a malicious or compromised sensor node as the cluster head is one the most significant breaches in cluster-based wireless...
In recent years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) which consists of a large number of sensor nodes having wireless communication and self-organizing capability receives much attention. The design of protocols for such networks has to be energy aware in order to prolong the lifetime of the network. Multi-hop and clustering communication are most efficient routing methods in WSN. Multi-hop communication...
This paper presents a new cluster based routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks called Energy Based Clustering Self organizing map (EBCS). This new protocol can cluster sensor nodes based on multiple parameters; their energy level and coordinates, through using Self Organizing Map neural network capability in multi dimensional data clustering. Energy based clustering can form energy balanced...
In the Group agreement, the cluster heads' distribution is irregular and the data path is not the best, so it is necessary to design a better routing protocol. Based on the method of “distance becoming zero”, a grid clustering routing protocol is designed, and the simulation comparison is completed between Group agreement and the improved grid clustering routing protocol.
Power Line Communication Networks (PLCN) represent a very attractive communication system which can be used for many applications in the area of both home/building automation and street lighting control. The main problem is how to organize the many nodes, in order to implement a network where all nodes can exchange information with a master node. In this paper a tree-based clustering approach is introduced...
Clustering and data aggregation in wireless sensor networks improves scalability, and helps the efficient use of scarce resources. Yet, these mechanisms also introduce some security issues; in particular, aggregator nodes become attractive targets of physical destruction and jamming attacks. In order to mitigate this problem, we propose a new private aggregator node election protocol that hides the...
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