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Background Microglia are considered the “resident macrophages” of the brain. When in their resting state, microglia perform routine maintenance and immune surveillance. Once activated, either by injury or an immune stimulus, microglia secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as Nitric Oxide, superoxide, and inflammatory cytokines. Up-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules is transient,...
Summary Recent studies have shown that cytokines and endotoxins impair insulin-stimulated glucose transport by activating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in skeletal muscle cells. In this study, we investigated whether iNOS induction is modulated by insulin in L6 myocytes. Long term exposure of muscle cells to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),...
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