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We investigated a novel method of monitoring soil moisture and groundwater levels using ultrasonic waves to predict slope failures due to heavy rainfall. The detector is composed of an ultrasonic transducer and a metallic pipe whose lower end is inserted vertically into the ground. An ultrasonic wave generated by the transducer at the upper end of the pipe travels through the pipe to the ground, and...
Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) are well known for their stability, high pixel-pixel uniformity and high pixel operability which are quintessential parameters for large area imaging arrays. In this paper we report the first demonstration of the megapixel-simultaneously-readable and pixel-co-registered dual-band QWIP focal plane array (FPA). The dual-band QWIP device was developed by stacking...
The author reports a monolithic transducer array for measuring the physical variables associated with gas flow up to 8 m/s. The transducers are supported on micromachined dielectric windows and measure flow velocity, flow direction, ambient gas temperature, and ambient pressure. The gas velocity sensor is based on a full-diaphragm structure and for a 1-mm*1-mm window achieves an output voltage of...
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