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Field experiments in which mobile organisms are confined inside enclosures have been widely used in many areas of marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecology in the past three decades. Some ecologists believe that at least some and possibly most, of the interpretation of this work may be subject to dispute because of potential artefacts associated with the confinement itself. Simulations suggested...
Field experiments are now a major tool in the repertoire of ecologists to study populations, resources and interspecific interactions. Notwithstanding a general improvement in the sophistication of experimental work, there remains a major problem when manipulations involve the forced confinement of mobile organisms in enclosures (or cages ). Some evidence suggests that outcomes of field experiments...
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