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The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) represents the recent development among the diverse available topologies of VSC and is allegedly the most suitable solution for converters in HVDC transmissions. This paper presents an Average Value Model (AVM) of the MMC that still includes the characteristic internal dynamics that are non-existent in traditional 2-level VSCs. This AVM and its control are described...
This paper analyzes the possible range of the DC currents developed by a pole-to-pole DC fault in a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) -based high voltage direct current (HVDC) system, using half-bridge submodules (SM), when the actual control and protection (C&P) scheme for the system recently installed in China is applied. The results derived from differential equations are validated by hardware-in-the-loop...
Synthetic Test Circuit (STC) system for thyristor valve of current-type High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) typically consists of a low-voltage high-current and a high-voltage low-current source. In order to provide the isolation between each source, auxiliary valve should be inserted, and its voltage and current ratings are greater or equal to those of the test thyristor valve. To ensure the turnoff...
This paper presents a generalized and versatile control approach using Lagrange multipliers in the ABC frame for a modular multilevel converter-based HVDC system. The methodology is capable of analytically obtaining desired operative conditions by calculating the differential current references previously established by the constraints in the optimization formulation, while obtaining the result with...
A consideration of short-circuit protection in high voltage direct current (HVDC) distribution system is written in this paper. There are some types of energy sources in HVDC system, and the behavior of short-circuit current is affected by the way to rectify. Therefore, it may be more complicated to protect short-circuit in HVDC system than it is in AC system. In this study, a protection technique...
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