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Prediabetes, covering individuals with impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, or high-risk HbA1c levels, is associated with a ∼20 % increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with normoglycemic individuals. It is well-known that lifestyle or pharmacologic interventions can prevent diabetes in prediabetic people; however, the evidence is less clear regarding...
The development of technology has led to evolution in the risk assessment for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current preventive guidelines for CVD recommend that management decisions should be based on risk assessment, which prototypically involves calculation of estimated risk using tools such as the Framingham risk score. This review will discuss some improved methods of risk stratification for CVD...
Preventive efforts should be guided by the patient’s global cardiovascular (CV) risk. A risk stratification should be done in every person > age 35 with more than a single risk factor. Recommendations for improved lifestyle are applicable to all persons with CV risk factors: smoking cessation, daily exercise, normal body mass index, Mediterranean diet, blood pressure < 140 mmHg systolic, and...
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