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Heel-toe walking can increase the stride length within the same joint limit of the robot. This paper proposes a method to compute the foot angle for heel-toe walking. In heel-toe walking, the value of the foot angle influences the movement of the legs, so it is proposed to select the foot angle to minimize the movement of the legs. The changes in stride and movement of leg with or without the heel-toe...
Inspired by the human torso, humanoid robots usually equipped with active waist joints. For arbitrary walking patterns or whole body motions, the well-designed waist trajectories can greatly enhance the motion of robot legs and allow the robot to perform larger walking step length or crossing higher stair gaps. In this paper, we develop an effective online algorithm for generating waist and arm trajectories...
Avoiding a fall after strong collisions between two players is an important capability for an adult-size humanoid robot. Particularly in the RoboCup competitions, matches are really competitive and collisions between players are occurred frequently. In the adult-size humanoid league, robots are tall and heavy. Whenever robots contact each other during moving, several unpredicted non-linear forces...
This paper presents a modified gait generation method based on height compensation of center of mass (HCCOM) for biped humanoid robots. The method combines natural gait plan (NGP) and 3-D linear inverted pendulum model (3D-LIPM). By analyzing the human natural gait, the HCCOM considers the effect of swinging leg for COM height, so the hip height is no longer fixed and re-planned as a periodic movement...
This paper presents a method of designing a natural human-like walking pattern for a bipedal humanoid robot. Motivated by biomechanical studies on human walking, we model the walking pattern with continuous and differentiable mathematical functions. For stable walking of the robot, we design a pattern generator based on the ZMP (Zero-Moment Point) criterion. The proposed walking pattern involves three-dimensional...
Bipedal humanoid robots will fall under unforeseen perturbations without active stabilization. Humans use dynamic full body behaviors in response to perturbations, and recent bipedal robot controllers for balancing are based upon human biomechanical responses. However these controllers rely on simplified physical models and accurate state information, making them less effective on physical robots...
In this study, we propose novel modular architecture to control a robot with many degrees of freedom, such as a humanoid robot. High-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robots tend to have highly nonlinear dynamics. In general, deriving a nonlinear controller for high-dimensional systems is intractable. In our approach, we adopt multiple Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers to cope with nonlinear dynamics...
Turning gait is a basic motion for humanoid robots. In this article a model free approach is presented and our emphasis is how to make robot's “turn-in-place” motion more stable and faster. In this regard we use Genetic algorithm to optimize produced signals by Fourier Series (FS) which controls joint's angels. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method through simulation and experimental results.
Many walking pattern generators for humanoid robots require predefined trajectories for the robot to track. This inflexibility limits the range of real-world environments that the robot can navigate through. For environments with obstacles and inconsistent terrain, the ability to change the walking trajectory becomes valuable. Using a miniature humanoid, a three-dimensional inverted pendulum model...
In order to interact with human environments, humanoid robots require safe and compliant control which can be achieved through force-controlled joints. In this paper, full body step recovery control for robots with force-controlled joints is achieved by adding model-based feed-forward controls. Push Recovery Model Predictive Control (PR-MPC) is presented as a method for generating full-body step recovery...
This paper presents a cooperative control algorithm for a paraplegic patient to walk stably as requested. The algorithm generates stable motions of a lower limb for a paraplegic walk, receiving patient's preference related to his/her movement such as stand-to-sit and sit-to-stand transfers, walking and going up and down stairs. An exoskeletal walking support system assists motions of patient's lower...
Typically most humanoid robots walk with relatively small strides even on the level ground, and consequently their walking speed is fairly slow compared to humans. One reason is that the constraint of the constant COM (Center of Mass) height, which is for decoupling the frontal and lateral motion, produces the characteristic bent knee feature of walking robots and requires higher motor torques. The...
This paper develops full-state parametric controllers for standing balance of humanoid robots in response to impulsive and constant pushes. We also explore a hypothesis that postural feedback gains in standing balance should change with perturbation size. From an engineering point of view this is known as gain scheduling. We use an optimization approach to see if feedback gains should scale with the...
In this paper we introduce a method to generate whole body's linear and angular momentum, and use upper body to compensate for the momentum caused by lower-body prescribed trajectory for fast dynamic walk of humanoid robot. In this method, the system dynamic model is built with its performance indices, and the optimal momentum compensation (OPMC) is solved by preview control method. Experiments conducted...
A waist joint is designed for a humanoid robot in this paper, which has the characteristics of a large range of motion and high mechanical strength. A new method of balance control based on waist joints is also provided. It can effectively increase the stability margin during single support phase. We have been developing BHR, which has 38 DOF (degree of freedom). Each arm of BHR has 11 DOF in total...
ROBONOVA-1 robot is a kind of new type humanoid robot, which can offer educators, students and robotic hobbyists a complete robot package. In order to better study and develop the function of this robot, according to the analysis of its configuration and gait, a seven bar linkage mechanism is established. The lateral walking trace of the robot is planned by using the method of geometry constraints...
Full-state feedback parametric controllers are proposed for standing balance of humanoid robots in response to impulsive and constant pushes. We take use of multiple models to approach multiple strategies for standing balance. For each model, we design a controller acting on each state variable and optimize controller parameters for different push sizes, directions and locations. We show the performance...
Currently, the technology known as human motion capture is widely utilized to generate human-like walking patterns in humanoid robotics. An important thing is that several difficulties are associated with motion capture data. These include a data offset issue, noise, and drift problems due to measurement errors caused by imperfect camera calibration, and marker position. If a biped robot uses motion...
To help with care work and rescue operations, it is necessary for humanoid robots to have the ability to transport humans steadily and gently. In this research we consider "piggyback" motions for transporting humans. Most people can perform this motion, allowing us to measure and analyze piggyback motions of human subjects using tactile sensing and whole body movements to design whole body...
This paper presents a standing balance controller that explicitly handles pushes. We employ a library of optimal trajectories and the neighboring optimal control method to generate local approximations to the optimal control. We take advantage of a parametric nonlinear optimization method, SNOPT, to generate initial trajectories and then use Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) to further refine...
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