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An alkaline pretreatment was performed on hardwood elm to improve enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production. The pretreatment was conducted with 8% (w/v) NaOH solution at 0, 25, and 80°C for 2h, and the best results were obtained by the pretreatment at 0°C. The glucose yield from untreated wood was only 8.0% and improved to 71.5% after the pretreatment at 0°C, whereas the corresponding ethanol yield...
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