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This chapter focuses on the central significance of the pulmonary endothelium in the control of pulmonary vascular tone in pulmonary development, homeostasis, and pathophysiological processes. We review the upstream stimuli known to regulate the expression and activity of endothelium-specific mediators of vascular tone. Subsequently, we focus on the known actions of the endothelium-derived vasoactive...
Despite saturation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) by its substrate l-arginine (Arg), oral and intravenous supplementation of Arg may enhance NO synthesis, a phenomenon known as “The l-arginine paradox”. Yet, Arg is not only a source of NO, but is also a source for guanidine-methylated (NG) arginine derivatives which are all inhibitors of NOS activity. Therefore, Arg supplementation may not always...
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