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The Trustful Space-Time Protocol (TSTP) is an application-oriented protocol designed to resource-efficiently deliver authenticated, encrypted, timed, georeferenced, SIcompliant data communication support to IoT devices interacting with an IoT gateway, effectively defining a new API and paradigm for programming WSNs and the IoT. In this work, we describe TSTP's MAC in detail and show how it is a fundamental...
A Cross-layer Data Gathering(CDG) protocol for wireless sensor networks is presented in this paper, the protocol includes a clock synchronization algorithm that balanced precision and energy consumption, and a cross-layer data gathering algorithm that fuses Media Access Control(MAC) and routing strategy. Simulation results show that CDG effectively prolongs the network lifetime and reduces the communication...
Receiver-based MAC (RB-MAC) is a preamble-sampling MAC protocol for WSNs in which a receiver node is dynamically elected, among potential neighbors of the sender node, based on current channel conditions. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of RB-MAC and compare it with a sender-based preamble-sampling MAC protocol by using analytical methods, and implementation in real sensor nodes. We have...
The massive escalation in the number of applications and the technology used in the development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) over the last decade has compelled the designers to adopt a holistic approach while designing WSN applications. This implies that a designer should develop a protocol stack which would be flexible enough to be used by a group of applications if not all on account of differing...
Typically, asynchronous Media Access Control (MAC) protocols are used to monitor a significant facility for rare events or to detect an intrusion in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Moreover, asynchronous MAC protocols can achieve high energy efficiency due to the fact that there is no periodic control frame. However, asynchronous MAC protocols have the problem of long end-to-end delay time caused...
In recent years, there has been growing interest in understanding and improving wireless sensor network (WSN) medium access control (MAC) because of the limited and constrained nature of WSNs. By controlling the access to the channel, MAC plays an important role in determining channel capacity utilization, network delay and power consumption and it affects congestion and fairness in channel usage...
Low duty cycle operation is a well-known mechanism used for achieving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Nodes under this concept work only for a small percentage of time and remain largely inactive to conserve energy. S-MAC, is a popular protocol designed specifically for WSNs with low duty cycle operation. At its inception, S-MAC has been designed for low traffic loads. In this...
Energy efficiency is one of the most concerned issues in wireless sensor networks, and periodic listen/sleep mechanism is widely used to reduce energy consumption. But fixed listen/sleep scheme also introduces additional latency in packet delivery and waste of energy for unnecessary idle listening. In this paper, we propose a low latency and energy efficient MAC protocol with an adaptive listen/sleep...
In order to balance the tradeoff between the energy efficiency and latency which exists in the protocol of the single channel medium access control for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a novel dual channel-based medium access control (MAC) protocol abbreviated as DCMAC is proposed in this paper. The wakeup channel of the nodes in DCMAC implement the listening based on probability during every listening/sleeping...
Many wireless sensor network applications could be substantially improved if they enhance the description of the events transmitting scalar sensor data along with audio and video. For example, an intrusion detection system would reduce the number of false positives if, in addition to the alarm, the system would also transmitted a picture or video of the intruder. The problem is how to overcome the...
Medium Access Control (MAC) is an important technique that ensures the successful operation of WSN because it controls the radio's activity of sensor nodes, which consumes node's major energy. MAC protocols must be energy efficient in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we study MAC protocols for WSNs, including schedule-based protocols such as TDMA and contention-based protocols such as S-MAC...
In this paper, we proposed an adaptive low latency MAC protocol for sensor networks based on cross-layer architecture, named LLS-MAC (Low Latency Sensor MAC). The new protocol is inspired by S-MAC. The advancement of LLS-MAC in packet end-to-end delay is mainly due to the continual data transmission scheme presented in this paper. For achieving this scheme, a cross-layer design approach is adopted...
IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the specification of the physical layer and the MAC sub-layer for low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN). The standard specifies CSMA/CA as the access method to use during Contention Access Period (CAP). Such method gives almost the same probability for all devices to access the medium. In case the traffic generated by the devices has the same priority level,...
In this paper, we propose an improved adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks based on cross-layer architecture. The new protocol is inspired by SMAC, probably the most well-known sensor MAC scheme for energy efficiency. In the proposed new protocol, two major changes are made in original SMAC protocol, one is continual data transmission, and the other is graded contention window. The new...
In this paper, we present a new MAC protocol satisfying with both high energy efficiency and low transmission latency at the same time over wireless sensor network, named as medium reservation preamble based MAC (MRPM). The proposed MRPM is a synchronized duty cycle MAC protocol. MRPM has three main features. The first feature is that MRPM does not have separate time frames for Sync and data traffics...
In this paper, we propose a new cross layer technique to design a joint MAC and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. A wireless sensor network is characterized by the limited energy resource, many-to-one communication pattern, self-organization and etc. which make its protocol design different from other wireless network. In the other hand, due to wide area of wireless sensor network applications,...
Many wireless sensor network applications could be substantially improved if they enhance the description of the events transmitting scalar sensor data along with audio and video. For example, an intrusion detection system would reduce the number of false positives if, in addition to the alarm, the system would also transmitted a picture or video of the intruder. The problem is how to overcome the...
Polling as one kind of the TDMA medium access control protocols has the advantage of energy conservation, however, its extensibility is not as good as that of contention-based protocol. The controllable threshold polling medium access protocol (CTP-MAC) in this paper is designed to realize the self-organizing in slot assignment and synchronization. Methods of the imbedded Markov-chain theory and the...
Medical body area networks will employ both implantable and bodyworn devices to support a diverse range of applications with throughputs ranging from several bits per hour up to 10 Mbps. The challenge is to accommodate this range of applications within a single wireless network based on a suitably flexible and power efficient medium access control protocol. To this end, we present a Medical Medium...
An energy-balancing, cross-layer data gathering protocol (EB-CLDG) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is presented in this paper. EB-CLDG is proposed for monitoring and periodic reporting applications and the network is organized into concentric tiers around the sink. An energy-balancing clustering algorithm is employed to mitigate the ldquohot spotrdquo problem. Thus the number of clusters closer...
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