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Recent low-voltage design techniques have enabled dramatic improvements in miniaturization and lifetime of wireless sensor nodes [1-3]. These systems typically use a secondary battery to provide energy when the sensor is awake and operating; the battery is then recharged from a harvesting source when the sensor is asleep. In these systems, the key requirement is to minimize energy per operation of...
The goal of this paper is to describe the key parts of proposed Li-ion battery system with reconfigurable topology for high power, 4kW power inverter as a replacement of the mains supply voltage in places where is not available. The proposed system was designed with regard to the safety, reliability and cost.
This paper presents the building process of a small scale, cost effective portable solar power supply. The end product comes with a solar panel to capture and convert solar energy to electrical energy. The electrical energy was stored in a rechargeable battery with a charge controller to regulate the charging process. A battery level indicator was in place to monitor the battery storage capacity....
This work describes two different control systems for the electrostatic generator known as “the doubler of electricity”. The systems are composed of ultra-low-power circuits, aiming to consume much less power than the amount scavenged, what is a major challenge in vibration-to-electric energy harvesting. The first system ideally does not have any power consumption during the monitoring state, detecting...
Whilst a normal inverter converts the DC voltage into AC voltage, an off grid inverter occupies input from either solar panel or wind turbine. This paper is about the design and simulation of a bi-input inverter using PV and Wind power system. The overall design will result in a regulated AC output load for AC grid connected system. This paper also discusses on two circuits which is charge controller...
Energy can be harvested parasitically from ambient motions such as human movements like footsteps, motion of the automobiles etc., Transducers when subjected to external force convert pressure in to potential. This potential when accumulated can cater the needs of the present day world illuminating many houses, running fans, charging the batteries and basic amenities. The circuit designed in this...
This paper describes a novel power conditioning system for residential fuel cell power plants, consisting of a step-up DC/DC converter and a single or a multiphase inverter. To increase the efficiency of the whole system a quasi Z-source inverter along with a step-up isolation transformer and a voltage doubler rectifier can be used. Due the continuous input current and low current ripple, the service...
Voltage source inverters generally feed the traction motor from a battery in automotive applications. By implementing a DC/DC converter between battery and inverter, the DC-link voltage is adjustable. This paper discusses the benefits of the variable DC-link voltage as an additional degree of freedom for a loss minimized control of electric drives in battery supplied vehicles. Inverter systems with...
Nominal voltage of the traction motors being used in electric vehicles is typically higher than the voltage generated by the onboard DC sources. Thus, motors of AC type require boost as well as inversion of available DC voltage. This can be done either by a DC-DC boosted inverter (DBI) or by the recently introduced Z-source inverter (ZSI). Since drives with PM brushless DC (BLDC) motor are largely...
The growing demand on energy, high oil prices and concerns of environmental impacts has increased the development of renewable energy such as wind, solar, ocean, biomass and geothermal power. Solar energy is amongst the highest development of renewable resources. With the rapid progress of the power electronic techniques, solar energy as an alternative energy source has been put to use such as photovoltaic...
The Z-Source inverter enables a single stage buck-boost conversion which is a useful characteristic in battery supplied electric vehicles. However, the boost operation leads to additional losses in the semiconductors of the inverter. This paper presents a comparison of Z-Source two-level inverter and Z-Source NPC inverters with regard to their total semiconductor losses and loss distribution during...
The proposed paper describes versatile power module and the corresponding modular design approach that is suitable for fast prototyping of various power converters: DC-link frequency converters, multilevel converter DC/DC converters, rectifier/inverter etc. The module and the approach have been developed for research needs. However, this equipment is especially suitable also for educational purposes...
Since the introduction of energy harvesting and battery powered low- to mid-speed electronic circuits, supply voltages have been pushed to the physical limits of semiconductor devices for energy minimization and battery lifetime. Using the IBM 8RF-LM 0.13 ??m process and a modified library, an asynchronous ALU has shown to be capable of operating at 0.1 V. This paper presents the minimum energy analysis...
Z-Source inverter is a single-stage power converter capable of either stepping down or stepping up the input dc voltage while converting it to ac form. However, due to the presence of a diode in series with the input source, the power flow is limited to one direction, i.e. from the dc source to the ac side. However, for some energy storage applications such as ultracapacitor banks, battery banks etc...
In this paper, we present a new technique to improve the reliability of H-tree SRAM memories. This technique deals with the SRAM power-bus monitoring by using built-in current sensor (BICS) circuits that detect abnormal current dissipation in the memory power-bus. This abnormal current is the result of a single-event upset (SEU) in the memory and it is generated during the inversion of the state of...
Continuous scaling, necessary for enhanced performance and cost reduction, has pushed existing CMOS materials much closer to their intrinsic reliability limits, forcing reliability engineers to get a better understanding of circuit failure. This requires that designers will have to be very careful with phenomena such as high current densities or voltage overshoots. In addition to the reliability issues,...
Class D amplifiers are becoming the most feasible solution for embedded audio application. However, distortions due to the non-linear nature of switching stage are the main drawback for this amplifier topology. This paper discusses the design and implementation of high fidelity audio class D using sliding mode control scheme. This design method proves to be a cost effective solution for industrial...
The synthesis of the principal types of inverters that are best suited for static uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is sought. From this synthesis a range of apparatus is evolved that will satisfy present and future needs. For each point of this range new solutions are indicated; their development is tied with the technological evolution of the components. The reliability and redundancy aspects...
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