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Benzoins are oxidized to benzils in excellent yields by 0.4 equivalents of Bi(NO 3 ) 3 .5H 2 O and 4 mol% of Cu(OAc) 2 . Bi(NO 3 ) 3 .5H 2 O is a stable, inexpensive, commercially available solid. The relatively low cost and low toxicity of bismuth(III) nitrate makes this procedure a particularly attractive method for oxidation of benzoins.
The formation of the Bi/CuO interface was studied by photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation in the VUV range. The CuO layer was prepared by depositing a thin copper layer onto a SrTiO 3 (100) substrate and oxidising it with atomic oxygen to form CuO. Bismuth overlayers with increasing thickness were deposited using a Knudsen cell. The variation of the shape and intensity of...
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