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Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a calcium dependent enzyme that displays diverse functions in various physiological processes. In addition to these physiological functions, there is strong evidence for the implication of tTG in a number of pathologies, including celiac disease, cancer and neurodegeneration. To explore the expression and function of tTG during (patho)physiological conditions, it is...
In situ hybridization is an important tool for analyzing gene expression and developing hypotheses about gene functions. The discovery of hundreds of microRNA (miRNA) genes in animals has provided new challenges for analyzing gene expression and functions. The small size of the mature miRNAs (∼20–24 nucleotides in length) presents difficulties for conventional in situ hybridization methods. However,...
The mammalian gene (ACACA) encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α, a key regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, is transcribed from multiple promoters. We have delineated the 5′ boundary of ACACA in four species (human, mouse, rat, and ovine). The 5′ end of ACACA is located within a 600- to 700-bp CpG island encompassing a bidirectional promoter shared with the divergently oriented TADA2L, which encodes...
The Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of the proliferation of precursors in different organs of the normal vertebrate embryo. These cells express Gli1 and may be the target of cancer-causing agents. Many tumor types derived from organs that contain Gli1+ precursors appear to consistently express Gli1, indicating their origin and/or the presence of an active pathway. Inappropriate...
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