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Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is able to achieve low-power transmissions in low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It employs the slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in the contention access period (CAP). Unfortunately the periodic broadcast beacon frame is transmitted without CSMA/CA so that it could...
We present an algorithm for bandwidth allocation for delay-sensitive traffic in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Our solution considers both periodic as well as aperiodic real-time traffic in an unified manner. We also present a distributed MAC protocol that conforms to the bandwidth allocation and thus satisfies the latency requirements of realtime traffic. Additionally, the protocol provides...
Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA scheme with homogeneous or saturated traffic has received considerable attention recently since a great convenience is offered to applications of low-power and low-rate wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which almost touch upon all aspects of our life. In this paper, we propose a stochastic analysis approach to evaluate the delay performance of CSMA/CA scheme with heterogeneous...
Modern computer networks are increasingly pervasive, complex, and ever-evolving due to factors like enormous growth in the number of network users, continuous appearance of network applications, increasing amount of data transferred, and diversity of user behaviors. Understanding and measuring such a network is a difficult yet vital task for network management and diagnosis. Network traffic monitoring,...
Energy and bandwidth are limited resources in wireless sensor networks, and communication consumes significant amount of energy. When wireless vision sensors are used to capture and transfer image and video data, the problems of limited energy and bandwidth become even more pronounced. Thus, message traffic should be decreased to reduce the communication cost. In many applications, the interest is...
This paper deals with the energy allocation in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Because the traffic loads are not evenly distributed in a multi-hop wireless sensor network, different sensor nodes usually experience different energy consumption rates. We present Routing Independent Fair Energy-Allocation Scheme (RIFES), which allocates the available energy resource to a sensor node according to...
In a number of application domains, the volatility of the environment where Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) should operate engenders time constraints on the generation, processing, and communication of sensory data. In this paper, we investigate the use of network coding and service reneging for the timely delivery of messages between wireless sensor nodes that utilize the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY standard...
Dynamic phenomena such as oil spills, mud flow, diffusion or leakage of gases in the environment are characterized by non-deterministic variations in shape, size and direction of motion. Due to the absence of any well defined model for tracking their dynamics, the detection and tracking of such phenomena through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is very challenging. Most of the existing works consider...
Duty cycling is often used to reduce the energy consumption caused by idle listening in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Most studies on WSN protocols define a common duty cycle value throughout the network to achieve synchronization among the nodes. On the other hand, a few studies propose adaptation of the duty cycle according to uniform traffic conditions, which is beneficial assuming one-to-one...
In this paper, we present an efficient MAC layer scheme using Dynamic Slot Assignment (DSA) in TDMA-based MAC protocols for cluster-based wireless sensor networks. The DSA scheme is presented to analyze the energy efficiency and channel utilization in a bursty traffic environment under low traffic conditions with a large number of sensor nodes in a single cluster. The DSA scheme will allow the network...
Monitoring the health of a sensor network is important for maintaining the health and normal operation of the network. For large-scale cost- effective monitoring, using inexpensive motes as sniffers is an attractive choice. In this paper, we quantify the capability and fidelity of mote-class sniffers for sensor network monitoring. In particular, we experimentally quantify the sustainable workload...
Data collection is of paramount importance in many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Especially, to accommodate ever increasing demands of signal source coding applications, the capacity of processing multi-user data query is crucial in WSNs where the efficiency is one key consideration. To that end, this paper presents EDCA: an Efficient Data Collection Approach for data query in WSNs,...
In this paper, we present Adaptive Multi-Criteria Routing (AMCR), a novel routing approach for large-scale shared Sensor-Actuator NETworks (SANETs). Although many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks, most of these protocols are designed with a specific application class or load pattern in mind. Furthermore, disparate concerns are usually woven within these protocols for...
Medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been extensively investigated in the last years. Although several different protocols have been proposed, and some have been implemented as proprietary protocols in commercial devices, the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol is widely adopted in today's devices. As a result, energy-saving strategies that can be implemented in compliance...
The anticipated increase in the density of the deployed wireless sensor networks calls for spectrum sharing through unlicensed access to licensed spectrum. The key technology for spectrum sharing in this scenario is cognitive radio networks. Cognitive relaying scenarios, where a cognitive (unlicensed) user provides relaying services to a licensed (primary) user, have been proposed before as a method...
This paper proposes medium contention aware routing schemes for rate-constrained traffic in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that maximize network lifetime. Three sufficient conditions, referred to as rate-based, degree-based, and mixed constraints, are incorporated into the routing formulations to guarantee medium access feasibility of the routing solutions. Simulations show that the mixed condition...
Traffic aggregation in large-scale and multi-hopping wireless sensor networks (WSN) can generate a high load on some intermediate nodes that are close to the access point (sink) due to packet relaying, especially in complex in-door environment. This can result in over-burdened sensor nodes exhausting their batteries resulting in more frequent need replacement. This paper studies the characteristics...
Cooperation enforcement in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) typically relies on separate detection and punishment schemes that isolate selfish nodes from routing and receiving network services. However, cooperative nodes then have to carry all the traffic. We propose a system that enforces cooperation smoothly and assures a fair distribution of bandwidth, as well as...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) composed of inexpensive devices allow the possibility of large deployments aimed at monitoring remote, or possibly hostile, areas. However, due to the unique traffic patterns exhibited by monitoring sensor networks, the lifetime of a large WSN is constrained by the burden placed on nodes near the sink node to forward additional traffic as more nodes are deployed. We...
Many schemes have been studied in the recent past facing the trade-offs between wireless mobility, the capacity impact and the Energy Conservation (EC) onto overall performance. Available resources should be supported by the effectiveness of the storing on-demand scheme along considering the EC of the wireless device. In this work there is a consideration of the diversity properties of the wireless...
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