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WSN for railway environment monitoring is a typical linear wireless sensor network. In order to improve the poor robustness of single path routing protocol, this paper proposes an energy-efficient multi-path routing protocol suitable for narrow strip area along the railway. In this protocol, "One-step-hop" transmission and "two-step-hop" transmission are designed to send packets...
Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSNs) have been proposed to monitor underwater regions such as seas and oceans. A typical example of an UWSN consists of a set of underwater sensor nodes and a set of sink nodes that are deployed at the sea surface. Using acoustic transmission, the sensors send their collected data to at least one of the sinks in what is known as the anycast transmission problem...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises a large number of tiny sensor nodes. These nodes are intelligent of sensing and monitoring the environmental or physical condition like temperature, sound, pressure, motion, etc. and communicating with other nodes. Sensor nodes in WSN have limited power and energy constraint hence it becomes necessary to efficiently use these resources. Energy consumption is...
Given the fact that LEACH protocol didn't take the residual energy of nodes into account when choosing the cluster heads, which may result in the node with rather low energy to be chosen as a cluster head. Thus, it will cause the cluster created by this low-energy node to be dead at an early stage, which wastes the whole network's resource. Here in this paper, we introduced an energy factor when choosing...
Automated metering infrastructure is employed widely in scientific fields as well as in industrial and commercial areas due to the development of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology. WSNs provide important features such as wireless multi-hop communication and they are easy to install everywhere; thus, extending the lifetime of WSNs is highly desirable. All WSN nodes consume a limited amount of...
Reducing the power consumption of the internet backbone networks is one of the major challenges in computer networks because of high energy cost and environmental issues. SDN is the promising technology that enables fine grain control of network traffic. In this paper, we propose a novel traffic management and routing framework, called SDGTE (Software Defined Green Traffic Engineering), that minimizes...
Lately, there has been a growing interest in connecting opportunistic routing (OR) and low duty-cycling methodologies in underwater sensor network (UWSNs) applications. This connection improves the data collection reliability and prolongs the network lifetime. When sensor nodes operate in a duty-cycling manner, the properly sleep interval selection and its on-the-fly adjustment should be addressed...
Forest is one of the most valuable and indispensible natural resource. The forest fire is one of the natural disasters that destroy the forest not only in India but countries like Australia, USA etc which is called as bush fire, wild fire respectively. Now in terms of deploying Wireless Sensor Networks for forest fire monitoring and detection, there is a need to investigate appropriate routing protocol...
Extended network lifetime and load balancing are important requirements for many WSN applications. There are many clustering routing schemes for homogeneous proactive and reactive WSNs but they suffer from the problem of uneven load distribution and back transmission. This paper presents an energy efficient load balanced clustering scheme with away cluster head (ACH) scheme and free association mechanism...
A WSN consist of a large number of small, low cost devices called sensor nodes deployed in an area. These sensor nodes are used for the purpose of monitoring different physical parameters of that particular area. The sensor nodes consist of a low power, irreplaceable battery which has a limited lifetime. To achieve long lifetime of the sensor network, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption by...
Wireless sensor networks consist of spatially distributed sensor nodes, which can sense the environment by collecting, processing and transmitting the data to sink node. A critical issue in wireless sensor networks since most sensors is equipped with non-rechargeable batteries. The lifetime of a sensor network can be extended by jointly applying different techniques of scheduling and routing schemes...
Local maximum problem, where the node fails in determine the next-hop neighbor to continue forwarding the packet towards the destination, severely degrades the performance of geographic routing protocols. This degradation is more substantial in underwater sensor networks, that intrinsically have harsh environments and high energy consumption due to the underwater acoustic communication characteristics...
An architecture of underwater sensor networks and a two-tier routing protocol for cluster-based underwater heterogeneous sensor networks-TTCB protocol have been proposed in this paper. The architecture includes the upper sensor nodes, the lower sensor nodes, sink node on the sea surface and the base stations on the land. All sensor nodes form two heterogeneous clustering structure. According to the...
Many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) — including medical healthcare, military surveillance and security systems — must meet the requirement of 100% coverage, but the issue of coverage is not addressed by studies on routing protocols. Thus, this work proposes an adaptive coverage-preserving routing protocol (ACPRP) to deal with coverage. ACPRP can also reduce the possibility that a...
The data sources concerned by chainlike wireless sensor networks (WSN) are usually distributed, and the distance between nodes is far. The high transmitting power leads to high power consumption, which affects the duration when the system is operated by battery. In this paper, a routing protocol for chainlike wireless sensor network is realized by reducing unnecessary data exchange, which can improve...
The dramatic increase in sensors application over the past 20 years, made it clear that the sensors will make a revolution like that witnessed in microcomputers in 1980s. Moreover, some researchers have labeled the first decade of the 21st century as the “Sensor Decade” [1]. Sensor nodes are powered by limited capacity of batteries and because of this limitation, the energy consumption of a sensor...
Water-regime monitoring system is a wireless-sensor-network (WSN) based real-time system. It often collects, transmits, analyzes and processes water regime parameters in large areas. Since the cluster-head selection mechanism affects directly on the energy consumption and network lifetime, both the cluster selection mechanism and the energy saving strategy play an important role on the design of network...
In this paper we investigate the benefits of placing optimal number of sinks for a wireless sensor network (WSN) to prolong the network lifetime, provided that the number of hops from each sensor to its nearest sink is no more than h>=1 and the sink location space is given in advance. We first formulate this problem as a joint optimization problem, which consists of finding the optimal number of...
ZACA-EEC (Zigbee Ant Colony Algorithm Energy Efficient Cluster) routing protocol is proposed to replace AODV in Zigbee with the aim of increasing reliability for mine equipment monitoring in this paper, which can prolong the lifetime of network remarkably. Taking hydraulic support as an example, the distribution of monitoring nodes can be simplified as chain hierarchy topology, then Free-space model...
Prolonged lifetime, improved coverage, and load balancing are important requirements in wireless sensor network applications. In this paper, we propose a new clustering protocol-adaptive clustering algorithm based on energy restriction (ACAER), which periodically selects cluster nodes according to their coverage rate and residual energy. ACAER has no assumptions about the distribution or density of...
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