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Driven rods connected by horizontal buried wire (counterpoise) is a common configuration of grounding in transmission lines. When subjected to a lightning current, the transient impedance of the grounding is prevailed by the surge impedance of the system and subsequently decreases to the steady state resistance, which is partly resulted from the distribution of currents between driven rods. Widely...
This work is devoted to the impact of random environmental constraints regarding the transient impedance of horizontal grounding wire. Deterministic modeling relies on solving the Pocklington equation in the frequency domain (antenna theory). First, the method is based upon the scattered voltage analytically computed at the input terminal of the grounding electrode; transient impedance is then extracted...
The influence of grounding conditions on apparatus to be protected and subjected to surges due to resistive coupling for an extended earth arrangement is investigated. This paper deals with the case of apparatus to be protected supplied by a Secondary Board (SB) connected well distant from the Main Distribution Board (MB), where an SPD1 is installed for the protection of distant apparatus. Flowing...
In this paper, we report the results of wind turbine grounding system impedance measurements performed at the Mont-Crosin wind park in Switzerland. Experiments were carried out twice: (1) when only the construction of the wind turbine foundation had been completed, and (2) once the installation of the rest of the wind turbine was finished: tower, nacelle and blades. The transient grounding impedance...
This work describes a system for the measurement of the transient impedance of ground electrodes using a portable impulse generator and a new measuring arrangement. The innovation is the use of a very short current reaction lead, which is possible due to the use of transmission line with very low propagation velocity (3% of the velocity of light). The methodology for obtaining the transient impedance...
This paper presents the building steps of a simulated high impedance fault (HIF) database. The simulations were carried out on Alternative Transient Program (ATP) and directed by a Matlab® program. The used HIF model employs two series time-varying resistances controlled by the Transient Analysis of Control Systems (TACS). Actual data obtained by several staged HIFs in different soil types on a distribution...
This paper presents the ongoing research results of the high frequency and transient grounding system analysis in two-layer soil structure. On the basis of rigorous electromagnetic field theory, which involves Sommerfeld's integrals, the mathematical model is formulated by the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE). Detailed analysis of a high frequency performance of a typical horizontal grounding...
Grounding system behavior under transient condition is investigated. Transmission line approach has been chosen to simulate the buried grounding system under lightning condition. Different models of buried grounding grids have been studied under lightning conditions. Sensitivity analysis of soil parameters and grounding grid dimensions have been studied to understand the effect of each parameter on...
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