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This paper presents analysis of cogging torque and torque ripple according to unevenly magnetized magnet patterns in permanent magnet synchronous motor. In previous studies it has confirmed that non-uniformly magnetized permanent magnet causes unexpected increase of cogging torque and torque ripple because of slot harmonic components. However, these studies investigated insufficient number of irregular...
In order to reduce the permanent magnet (PM) volume and combine the advantages of in-wheel motor, a novel modular-stator outer-rotor flux-switching permanent-magnet motor (MSOR-FSPM) whose PM volume is half of that in conventional outer-rotor flux-switching permanent-magnet (COR-FSPM) motor is proposed. However, cogging torque and torque ripple of MSOR-FSPM motor are especially worse due to the inherent...
High torque density at low speed is one of the main characteristics of applications such as wind turbines and traction systems. Permanent magnet transverse flux machines exhibit this features owing to their high-energy magnetic flux, which is normal to current and motion vector. The machine's specific geometry magnifies cogging torque that further increases torque ripple, noise, and mechanical vibrations...
The paper includes simulation results of the Hybrid Excited Claw Pole Generator with skewed and non-skewed permanent magnets. The test machine has claw poles on two rotor sections, between which an excitation control coil is placed. The novelty of this machine is existence of non-skewed permanent magnets on claws of one part of the rotor and skewed permanent magnets on the second one. The paper presents...
Flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machine, with magnets mounted on or inserted into the stator, is favorable for the direct drive applications. In this paper, a novel FRPM machine with Ralbach array magnets in stator slot opening is proposed. While the magnets are moved to the slot opening, effective airgap length is reduced and slot area is enlarged. The analysis results indicates that the torque...
This paper reviews recent trends in the application of flux switching machines (FSMs) in industry, the variation in FSM designs and control strategies to achieve enhanced performance. FSMs offer advantages such as high torque density, high speed capability, ease of control and low vibration and acoustic noise compared with competing technologies. These features enable FSMs to be applied in transportation,...
The cogging torque of variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs) is usually large, which will result in undesired vibrations and acoustic noises. This paper introduces several methods to reduce the cogging torque of VFRMs including asymmetrical rotor teeth, circumferential rotor teeth pairing, rotor teeth shaping and rotor dummy slots. First, the cogging torque of VFRMs are analytically calculated,...
This paper presents the design and analysis of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with a novel tangentially magnetized rotor for refrigerant compressors in inverter air-conditioners. To reduce cogging torque, torque ripple, and the weight of magnet usage, a new salient pole rotor design is proposed using permanent magnets arranged for tangential magnetization. The results of magnetic...
This paper describes the causes of cogging torque in Permanent Magnet synchronous Motor. Establishes a motor model by ANSOFT software, uses Finite Element Method to quantitative analysis and comparative peak cogging torque and torque with notches at different locations, and different number of auxiliary slot. The conclusion is that notch reasonable can reduce the cogging torque of permanent magnet...
In this paper, an 18-slot/26-pole fractional slot permanent magnet surface-mounted machine (FSPMSM) with coil-pitch of 2 slot-pitches is firstly proposed. The torque production of this machine is based on both the principle of fractional slot machine and magnetic gearing effect. Its performance is analysed and compared with that of an 18-slot/10-pole FSPMSM. The results show that the 18-slot/26-pole...
In this paper, a new single-phase flux switching axial flux permanent magnet motor (FS AFPM) is presented. It has a double stator and single rotor (DSSR) disc-type structure. The rotor disc is a simple salient pole rotor, and it is sandwiched between the two stator discs. The permanent magnets (PMs) are embedded in the stator discs, which also contain the single-phase windings. To enhance the self-starting...
Although the cogging torque in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) consists of several frequency components, the skew angle used to minimize cogging torque is generally determined to cancel the fundamental and sub-harmonics of the fundamental components. In a mass production environment, manufacturing variation always cause low order cogging components like slot and/or pole orders on top of...
A dual-rotor axial field flux-switching permanent magnet (DRAFFSPM) machine is proposed and investigated in this paper. The static characteristics, such as the field distribution, the PM flux-linkage, the back-EMF, and the cogging torque, etc., are investigated based on the 3D finite element (FE) method. In order to gain sinusoidal back-EMF and reduce the cogging torque, the structure of the DRAFFSPM...
This paper proposes a new axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor, whose stator is composed of laminated steel and soft magnetic composite (SMC) material. Axial flux machines are considered a preferred solution compared to radial flux machines for electric vehicles and traction applications because of its high torque density and thin disk-shaped structure. However, the manufacturing cost of axial...
Cogging torque is an outstanding issue that regularly occurs in the Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (SM-PMSG). Cogging torque is importand to be reduced because it will generate noise and friction on the generator so it will decrease the efficiency and lifetime of the generator. For wind turbine application, the cogging torque will hold back the production of electrical power...
Cogging torque and permanent magnet electric machines are difficult to separate. This torque always remains overdue to the interaction between the magnetic field caused by the permanent magnet against the stator slot. The method proposed for reducing cogging torque in this study is the Half cylinder anti-notch design and sequence with the cutting-edge design. It further considers the implement of...
This paper presents the comparison between the cogging torques produced by four IPMSGs (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators) with different stator winding configurations. More in detail, an IPMSG model, which is derived from a commercial geometry, is analyzed through means of a FEM (Finite Element Method) approach. Then, three more structures are determined and analyzed by adequately...
In the recent past the authors dedicated much work to small PM motor adopting permanent bonded magnets, and to the magnetization problems. Now it is largely proposed the so-called Halbach magnetization, presenting the directions of the magnetic induction variable along the magnet; its constitutes a tentative of sinusoidality for the magnetic induction component orthogonal to the magnet surface. It...
This paper deals with issues created by the cogging torque exhibited in permanent magnet synchronous motors in a motor drive with field oriented control. Experimental results are shown for both the start-up procedure and the steady-state operation of the used motor. The static and cogging torque are also measured at low speed to optimize the parameters of the start-up algorithm.
An interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine applied in rail transportation is designed and optimized in this paper. A quasi-octagonal stator iron yoke is adopted in the machine in order to meet the requirement of the installation while the parallel slot structure is also employed due to the arrangement of the performed windings. The method of equivalent stator slot is proposed in this paper to analyze...
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